塞下曲·其一
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唐代]：李益
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蕃州部落能结束，朝暮驰猎黄河曲。
塞下曲·其一译文及注释
译文
西北部的军队士兵会整理戎装，打扮自己，早晚在黄河转弯的地方奔驰狩猎。
在不绝的豪壮燕歌声中，边塞的鸿雁高飞，放牧的马儿叫着。春天快到了，地上的草开始转绿。
注释
蕃州：泛指西北地区。
结束：装束，打扮。
燕歌：泛指悲壮的燕地歌曲。
塞下曲·其一鉴赏
唐代边塞诗不乏雄浑之作，然而毕竟以表现征戍生活的艰险和将士思乡的哀怨为多。即使一些著名的豪唱，也不免夹杂危苦之词或悲凉的情绪。当读者翻到李益这篇塞上之作，感觉便很不同，一下子就会被那天地空阔、人欢马叫的壮丽图景吸引住。它在表现将士生活的满怀豪情和反映西北风光的壮丽动人方面，是比较突出的。
1.诗中“蕃州”乃泛指西北边地（唐时另有蕃州，治所在今广西宜山县西，与黄河不属），“蕃州部落”则指驻守在黄河河套（“黄河曲”）一带的边防部队。军中将士过着“岁岁金河复玉关，朝朝马策与刀环”的生活，十分艰苦，但又被磨炼得十分坚强骁勇。首句只夸他们“能结束”，即善于戎装打扮。作者通过对将士们英姿飒爽的外形描写，示意读者其善战已不言而喻，所以下句写“驰猎”，不复言“能”而读者自可神会了。
2.军中驰猎，不比王公们佚游田乐，乃是一种常规的军事训练。健儿们乐此不疲，早晚都在操练，作好随时迎敌的准备。正是“为报如今都护雄，匈奴且莫下云中”（同组诗其四）。“朝暮驰猎黄河曲”的行动，表现出健儿们慷慨激昂、为国献身的精神和决胜信念，句中饱含作者对他们的赞美。
这两句着重刻画人物和人物的精神风貌，后两句则展现人物活动的辽阔背景。西北高原的景色是这样壮丽：天高云淡，大雁群飞，歌声飘荡在广袤的原野上，马群在绿草地撒欢奔跑，是一片生气蓬勃的气象。
3.GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人们唱的“燕歌”，有人说就是《燕歌行》的曲调。目送远去的飞雁，歌声里诚然有北国战士对家乡的深切怀念。然而，飞鸿望断而“燕歌未断”，这开怀放歌中，也未尝不包含歌唱者对边地的热爱和自豪情怀。如果说这一点在三句中表现尚不明显，那么读末句就毫无疑义了。
4.“牧马群嘶边草绿”。在赞美西北边地景色的诗句中，它几乎可与“风吹草低见牛羊”的奇句媲美。“风吹草低”句是写高原秋色，所以更见苍凉；而“牧马群嘶”句是写高原之春，所以有油然生意。“绿”字下得绝佳。因三、四对结，上曰“塞鸿飞”，下对以“边草绿”，可见“绿”字是动词化了。它不尽然是一片绿油油的草色，而且写出了“离离原上草”由枯转荣的变化，暗示春天不知不觉又回到草原上。这与后来脍炙人口的王安石的名句“春风又绿江南岸”，都以用“绿”字见胜。在江南，春回大地，是啼鸟唤来的。而塞北的春天，则由马群的欢嘶来迎接。“边草绿”与“牧马群嘶”连文，意味尤长；似乎由于马嘶，边草才绿得更为可爱。诗所表现的壮美豪情是十分可贵的。
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张玉娘《
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从军行》
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骆宾王《
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晚度天山有怀京邑》
李益简介
唐代·李益的简介
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李益(约750—约830)， 唐代诗人，字君虞，祖籍凉州姑臧（今甘肃武威市凉州区），后迁河南郑州。大历四年(769)进士，初任郑县尉，久不得升迁，建中四年(783)登书判拔萃科。因仕途失意，后弃官在燕赵一带漫游。以边塞诗作名世，擅长绝句，尤其工于七绝。
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