十二月十九日夜中发鄂渚晓泊汉阳亲旧携酒追送聊为短句
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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接淅报官府，敢违王事程。
宵征江夏县，睡起汉阳城。
邻里烦追送，杯盘泻浊清。
十二月十九日夜中发鄂渚晓泊汉阳亲旧携酒追送聊为短句译文及注释
译文
等不到煮饭就得向官府报到，岂敢违背王事规定的期程？
连夜乘船从江夏出发，一觉醒来已经到达汉阳城。
麻烦乡里邻居赶来送行，杯盘里泻的酒有浊有清。
我只该在蛮瘴之乡老死，难得再有机会报答故人的深情。
注释
鄂渚：相传在今湖北武昌黄鹤山上游三百步长江中。隋置鄂州，即因渚得名。世称鄂州为鄂渚。汉阳：今属湖北武汉。亲旧：犹亲故。短句：古代的七言诗歌，人们习惯称长句，五言则为短句。
接淅：捧着已经淘湿的米，来不及将生米煮熟。淅，淘过的米。
敢：岂敢。王事：王命差遣的公事。程：期限。
“宵征”句：是说连夜从武昌出发。宵征，夜行。
追送：偏义复词，实指“送”，殷勤地送别。
浊清：偏义复词，实指“清”，清香的好酒。
瘴乡：南方瘴疠之地，易使人生病。这里指宜州（治所在今广西宜山）。老：终老，到老死去。
答：报答。
参考资料：
1、朱安群 等．黄庭坚诗文选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：182-183
十二月十九日夜中发鄂渚晓泊汉阳亲旧携酒追送聊为短句创作背景
此诗是黄庭坚晚年从鄂州贬往宜州时所作。宋徽宗建中靖国元年（1101年），黄庭坚在沙市寓居，直到冬天过去。崇宁元年（1102年）九月，移至鄂州寓居。后又被贬去瘴疠之地的宜州。崇宁二年（1103年）十二月十九日晚，时值严冬，诗人乘船赴贬所，写下了这首律诗。
参考资料：
1、李敬一 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：575-576
十二月十九日夜中发鄂渚晓泊汉阳亲旧携酒追送聊为短句鉴赏
此诗首联“接淅报官府，敢违王事程”，描写出一片紧张、急迫的气氛：贬谪的命令催魂逼命，急如星火，连做饭的工夫也没有；“王事”在身，不敢有片刻的耽搁。这里作者用“接淅”的典故恰当地比喻了官命之急迫，其悲愤心情透出纸背。次联承接上联之意，通过时间、地点的转换，具体地描写出舟行之急。这一联诗意急切，如同《诗经·召南·小星》所状写的“肃肃宵征，夙夜在公”。两个对偶句语气又极流畅，而且切合水路舟行急速的事实。“王事”紧迫，江流湍急，船行飞快，诗中将那情景和气氛描写得十分生动。颈联写邻里、朋旧赶来送行的情景。“邻里烦追送，杯盘泻浊清”，叙事中透出无限的情意。“追送”和“浊清”都是偏义词：“追送”就是“送”，“烦”字透出作者的感激之意；“浊清”实指“清”。但是，“追送”的“追”字又进一步把前面两联的紧迫气氛渲染出来：诗人走得那样突然，以至邻里、故旧事先都没有得到消息，而仓促之间追到汉阳为之饯行。那泻入杯中的一杯杯饯行酒，包含了很多深情厚意。末联写诗人的感慨：此番谪居边远之地，功名前程乃至生命都是不可卜知的，这一切诗人也不计较，只是“故人”的友谊和真挚的感情永远无法报答，这才是终身遗恨的事。作者自崇宁二年（1103年）十二月十九日从武昌出发，经过长途跋涉，方于次年夏天到达宜州贬所，到宜州后仅一年，便怀着冤愤与世长辞了。老死瘴疠之乡而“难答故人情”，成为他留给“故人”的诀别之辞。
这首诗是因亲朋故旧饯行，内心感念不已而写的，因此感情真挚动人，用典较少，语言平易流畅，不像黄庭坚其他的诗那样刻意雕琢，讲求险怪奇丽。但是，诗的章法仍然是谨严细密的，四联之间，起、承、转、合的关系颇耐寻究。首联“起”，叙述紧急离开武昌的原因：王事在身，必须“接淅”而行。颔联“承”，承接上联之意，具体描写行程紧急、必须“宵征”的情形。颈联“转”，由行程的紧迫转为写邻里的追送和置酒饯别。末联“合”，归结点题，抒发离别之情。黄庭坚长于律诗，而律诗的章法是颇有诀窍的，其中之一便是“起、承、转、合”。《红楼梦》第四十八回写到香菱向林黛玉学诗，林黛玉说：“什么难事，也值得去学？不过是起、承、转、合，当中承转，是两副对子，平声的对仄声，虚的对实的，实的对虚的。若是果有了奇句，连平仄虚实不对都使得。”这里曹雪芹通过林黛玉之口说出的这段话，有助于揣摩理解黄庭坚这首律诗艺术上的特点。
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柳宗元《
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黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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