念奴娇·插天翠柳
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宋代]：朱敦儒
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插天翠柳，被何人，推上一轮明月。照我藤床凉似水，飞入瑶台琼阙。雾冷笙箫，风轻环佩，玉锁无人掣。闲云收尽，海光天影相接。
谁信有药长生，素娥(é)新链就、飞霜凝雪。打碎珊瑚，争似看、仙桂扶疏横绝。洗尽凡心，满身清露，冷浸萧萧发。明朝尘世，记取休向人说。
念奴娇·插天翠柳译文及注释
译文
门前的翠柳不知道被谁人推上了一轮皎洁的明月，如凉水一般照在我的藤床上，如此良辰美景，我思绪飘飞幻想着飞入瑶台月宫，这里雾冷风轻，隐隐可闻的笙箫声，和仙子的环佩之声，大约她们正随音乐伴奏而飘飘起舞。
据说有可以使人延寿的药。然而“长生”的念头，只不过是世俗的妄想。两袖清风，满身清露，寒冷浸湿了萧条的白发，这些隐逸脱俗的情怀，恐是尘世之人无法理解，便也不向尘世之人诉说。
注释
①念奴娇：著名词牌名之一，得名于唐代天宝年间的一个名叫念奴的歌伎，名篇有苏轼的《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、《念奴娇·中秋》等。
②瑶台：神仙居处。李白《清平调》有“若非群玉山头见，会向瑶台月下逢”。琼阙（quē）：精巧华美之楼台。
③素娥：月宫仙女“嫦娥”。因月色白，故称“素娥”。
④争：怎么。如“争似”、“争忍”、“争知”、“争奈”等等。
⑤萧萧：头发花白稀疏貌。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（唐·五代·北宋卷）.上海辞书出版社，1988年版，第1125页
念奴娇·插天翠柳创作背景
1147 年初秋，由于朝廷内投降派得势，爱国志士纷纷斥退，收复中原日益渺茫，词人的一腔热忱付之冰海，满怀的期望变成极度的失望。于是词人为了求得精神上的解脱，向隐逸之路寻求归宿，写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、天津古籍出版社 ．中国历代名文赏读：天津古籍出版社 ，2007-9：第285-286页
念奴娇·插天翠柳鉴赏
谁信有药长生，素娥新链就、飞霜凝雪。打碎珊瑚，争似看、仙桂扶疏横绝。洗尽凡心，满身清露，冷浸萧萧发。明朝尘世，记取休向人说。
这是一首咏月词。
开篇“插天翠柳，被何人、推上一轮明月？”以问句起。这份奇丽“月上柳梢头”的景象恰是躺柳下“藤床”纳凉仰看天宇者才能产生的幻觉：“翠柳”伸向天空，而“明月”不知不觉便出现了，如同被推上去一样。加之月夜如水一般的凉意，更会引起美妙的幻想，于是纳凉赏月的词人飘飘然“飞入瑶台琼阙”。“雾冷笙箫”以下写词人凭幻想飞入月宫后所闻、所见及所感。这里雾冷风轻，隐隐可闻“笙箫”，和仙子的“环佩”之声，大约她们正随音乐伴奏而飘飘起舞吧。然而“玉锁”当门而“无人掣”，说明月宫清静，不受外界干扰，原本打算寻声暗问的词人不觉感到怅然。回顾天空，是“闲云收尽”，海光与月光交映生辉，炼成一片令人眩惑的景象。
过片：“谁信有药长生？”则针对关于月宫的传说，抒发自己的见解。据说有玉兔捣药，这药可以使人延寿的。然而“长生”的念头，只不过是世俗的妄想。月中，只有“素娥新炼就”的“飞霜凝雪”而已，并没有什么长生不老药。词人看来，人间那些“打碎珊瑚”之类的夸豪斗富之举，远比不上赏玩月中枝叶扶疏的仙桂来得超凡脱俗。“打碎珊瑚”出于《世说新语。汰侈》石崇和王恺斗富的故事，这里信手拈来，反衬月中桂树之可爱，自然惬意。作者通过如此清空的笔墨，勾画出一个美丽、纯洁、没有贪欲的境界。这里，他两袖清风，“满身清露，冷浸萧萧发”，感到凡心洗尽，有脱胎换骨之感。然而，这一切不过是月下的梦，尽管美丽动人，却又无从对证，只能自得于胸怀，不可为俗人说。故结云：“明朝尘世，记取休向人说。”深沉的感喟和对尘世的深切厌倦见于言外。
这首词写藤床上神游月宫之趣，其间融入了月的传说，其境优美清寂，塑造了一个冰清玉洁的世界，似乎有意与充满烽烟势焰的人间对立。故前人或谓其为“不食烟火人语”。
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陈维崧《
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醉落魄·咏鹰》
朱敦儒简介
唐代·朱敦儒的简介
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朱敦儒 （1081－1159），字希真，洛阳人。历兵部郎中、临安府通判、秘书郎、都官员外郎、两浙东路提点刑狱，致仕，居嘉禾。绍兴二十九年（1159）卒。有词三卷，名《樵歌》。朱敦儒获得“词俊”之名，与“诗俊”陈与义等并称为“洛中八俊” （楼钥《跋朱岩壑鹤赋及送闾丘使君诗》）
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