鸿雁
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
两汉]:佚名
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
鸿雁于飞,肃肃其羽。之子于征,劬劳于野。爰及矜人,哀此鳏寡。
鸿雁于飞,集于中泽。之子于垣,百堵皆作。虽则劬劳,其究安宅?
鸿雁于飞,哀鸣嗷嗷。维此哲人,谓我劬劳。维彼愚人,谓我宣骄。
鸿雁译文及注释
译文
鸿雁翩翩空中飞,扇动双翅嗖嗖响。那人离家出远门,野外奔波苦尽尝。可怜都是穷苦人,鳏寡孤独心悲伤。
鸿雁翩翩空中飞,聚在沼泽的中央。那人筑墙服苦役,先后筑起百堵墙。虽然辛苦又劳累,不知安身在何方。
鸿雁翩翩空中飞,阵阵哀鸣声嗷嗷。惟有那些明白人,知我作歌唱辛劳。惟有那些糊涂虫,说我闲暇发牢骚。
注释
鸿雁:水鸟名,即大雁;或谓大者叫鸿,小者叫雁。
于:语助词。
肃肃:鸟飞时扇动翅膀的声音。
之子:那人,指服劳役的人。征:远行。
劬(qú)劳:勤劳辛苦。
爰(yuán):语助词。矜(jīn)人:穷苦的人。
鳏(guān):老而无妻者。寡:老而无夫者。
集:停。中泽:即泽中。
于垣:筑墙。
堵:长、高各一丈的墙叫一堵。作:筑起。
究:终。宅:居住。
嗷(áo)嗷:鸿雁的哀鸣声。
哲人:通情达理的人。
宣骄:骄奢。
参考资料:
1、王秀梅 译注.诗经(下):雅颂.北京:中华书局,2015:389-391
2、姜亮夫 等.先秦诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1998:366-368
鸿雁创作背景
《小雅·鸿雁》一诗的背景及主题,历来看法不一。有认为是赞美周宣王的,有认为是流民自叙悲苦的,有认为是写周王派遣使者到各处救济流民的,如方玉润《诗经原始》云:“使者承命安集流民”,“费尽辛苦,民不能知,颇有烦言,感而作此。”此诗当作于周厉王或周宣王时期。
参考资料:
1、王秀梅 译注.诗经(下):雅颂.北京:中华书局,2015:389-391
2、姜亮夫 等.先秦诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1998:366-368
鸿雁鉴赏
这是一首“饥者歌其食,劳者歌其事”的现实主义诗作,具有国风民歌的特点。全诗三章,每章均以“鸿雁”起兴,并借以自喻。首章写流民被迫到野外去服劳役,连鳏寡之人也不能幸免,反映了受害者的广泛,揭露了统治者的残酷无情。振翅高飞的大雁勾起了流民颠沛流离无处安身的感叹,感叹中包含着对繁重徭役的深深哀怨。次章承接上章,具体描写流民服劳役筑墙的情景。鸿雁聚集泽中,象征着流民在工地上集体劳作,协同筑起很多堵高墙,然而自己却无安身之地。“虽则劬劳,其究安宅”的发问,道出了流民心中的不平和愤慨。末章写流民悲哀作歌,诉说悲惨的命运,反而遭到那些贵族富人的嘲弄和讥笑。大雁一声声的哀叫引起了流民凄苦的共鸣,他们就情不自禁地唱出了这首歌,表达了心中的怨愤。
这首诗感情深沉,语言质朴,韵调谐畅,虽是一首抒情诗,但又兼有叙事、议论的成份。然而此诗最大的特点是比兴手法的运用,每章开头都以鸿雁起兴,不仅可以引起丰富的联想,而且兼有比义。鸿雁是一种候鸟,秋来南去,春来北迁,这与流民被迫在野外服劳役,四方奔走,居无定处的境况十分相似。鸿雁长途旅行中的鸣叫,声音凄厉,听起来十分悲苦,使人触景生情,平添愁绪。所以以之起兴,是再贴切不过的了。全诗三章根据所述内容的不同,或是兴而比,或是比而兴。一章以鸿雁振羽高飞兴流民远行的劬劳,二章以鸿雁集于泽中,兴流民聚集一处筑墙。这两章都是兴中有比,具有象征意味。第三章以鸿雁哀鸣自比而作此歌,是比中含兴。比兴意蕴的交融渗透,增强了诗歌的形象性和艺术表现力。由于此诗贴切的喻意,以后“哀鸿”“鸿雁”即成了苦难流民的代名词。
另外,此诗每章所写的具体内容虽各不相同,但却有内在的逻辑联系。首章写出行野外,次章写工地筑墙,末章表述哀怨,内容逐层展开,主题得到了升华。再加上“鸿雁”“劬劳”等词在诗中反覆出现,形成了重章叠唱的特点,有一唱三叹的韵味。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首:
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
佚名《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
小雅·黄鸟》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首:
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
左思《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
咏史八首·其一》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
三月十八日水滨閒步 其二
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代:
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
杨慎
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
杨林今日是昭关,白首拘留未得还。渔父浣纱浑不见,断肠今古泪潺湲。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
有感
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代:
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
翁心存
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
人子朝暮出,倚闾尚徬徨。千里与万里,极目何能望。
啮指忽心动,引领祇内伤。伊余髫龀时,随侍于朐阳。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
点绛唇 刘峻度席上听女郎度曲
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代:
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
宋琬
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
子夜清歌,隔帘疑在青天外。琼箫玉管。莫把莺喉碍。
纱帽笼头,卸却残妆戴。娇羞坏。广场无奈。初学男儿拜。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
安乐窝中吟 其六
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代:
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
邵雍
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
安乐窝中春不亏,山翁出入小车儿。水边平转绿杨岸,花外就移芳草堤。
明快眼看三月景,康强身历四朝时。凤凰楼下天津畔,仰面迎风倒载归。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
重五日入山由苗栗至大湖
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
:
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
梁成楠
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
溪行有深湍,山行无寸土。当暑践炎石,似鱼游热釜。
对岭见深林,林深防猛虎。杀人饮其血,手把髑髅舞。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
病讯四章 其二
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代:
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
王彦泓
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/paishehui.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
绣被新鸳剩半床,怕拈卮酒怕闻香。能瘳别恨无灵药,愿驻华姿有禁方。
背冷乍温教女弟,面痕轻舐待萧郎。悬知乍起新妆淡,只有葵花似嫩黄。