清人
[
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两汉]：佚名
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清人在彭，驷介旁旁。二矛重英，河上乎翱翔。
清人在消，驷介麃麃。二矛重乔，河上乎逍遥。
清人在轴，驷介陶陶。左旋右抽，中军作好。
清人创作背景
《郑风·清人》是批评郑国军队游戏离散的诗歌，为《诗经·郑风》的第五首。春秋时期，大小诸侯国之间战争频仍，攻伐兼并不绝于史。因高克带领的清邑部队不积极备战御敌，故郑国诗人作此诗以讽刺之。又据《毛诗序》，诗作者为郑公子素。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：161-162
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：157-159
清人鉴赏
这是一首辛辣的讽刺诗。在此诗作者眼中，高克带领的部队，战马披甲，不可谓不雄壮；战车插矛，不可谓不威武。可是清邑的士兵却不是在为抵御敌人随时可能的入侵而认真备战，却在河上逍遥游逛，耍弄刀枪；身为将帅的高克也闲来无事，只是以练武来消磨时光而已。此诗讽刺的对象是高克，而最终深深斥责的是郑文公的昏庸。
至于为什么说讽刺的矛头最终是对准郑文公，古代有一位论者分析得很有道理：“人君擅一国之名宠，生杀予夺，唯我所制耳。使高克不臣之罪已著，按而诛之可也。情状未明，黜而退之可也。爱惜其才，以礼驭之亦可也。乌可假以兵权，委诸竟上（边境），坐视其离散而莫之恤乎！《春秋》书曰：‘郑弃其师。’其责之深矣！”（朱熹《诗集传》引胡氏语）。总之，在抵御外敌之时，郑文公因讨厌高克反而派他带领清邑士兵去河边驻防的决策是完全错误的。
全诗共三章，写清邑士兵在黄河边上的彭地、消地、轴地驻防时的种种表现。表面上是在称颂他们，说他们的披甲战马如何强壮，奔驰起来又如何威风；战车上装饰着漂亮的矛，是如何的壮盛；军中的武士也好，主帅也好，武艺又是如何高强。而实际上他们却是在河上闲散游逛。每章的最后一句如画龙点睛，用“翱翔”、“逍遥”、“作好”等词来揭出本相，其讽刺的手法是较为含蓄的。从诗的章法上说，三个章节的结构和用词变化都不甚大，只有第三章与前两章不同处较多。作者采用反复咏叹的手法，以增强诗歌的气势和表现力，从而达到其讽刺的效果。
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上一首：
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佚名《
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小明》
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下一首：
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佚名《
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小雅·蓼萧》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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猜你喜欢
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摸鱼儿
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元代：
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马熙
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买陂塘旋栽杨柳，参知渔艇机务。巨川冒涉风涛险，此际缆烟维雨。
朝泊渚。到日落沧波，移傍寒梅屿。翠禽无语。甚雪意方深，月明空载，独棹始成趣。
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登乐陵台倚梧桐望月有怀南台李御史艺，七夕
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元代：
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萨都剌
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凉风吹堕梧桐月，泻水泠泠露华白。
乐陵台上悄无人，独倚梧桐看明月。
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观物、观我八首 其六 老
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：
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陈肇兴
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不信人生果是浮，茫茫今古一川流。繁华过眼都春梦，儿女催人到白头。
药鼎丹炉供事业，桐鞋竹杖傲王侯。香山图画洛中宴，一样婆娑醉未休。
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瞻六堂即事十首 其八
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明代：
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罗万杰
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阅物一双醒眼，藏身数卷奇书。休言世事蕉鹿，输与神仙蠹鱼。
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相见欢 深秋
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近现代：
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罗锦堂
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长空大雁飞忙。晚烟苍。片片池塘荷叶、半枯黄。
独行惯，有谁伴，夜生凉。隔院吹来阵阵桂花香。
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点绛唇 其七 秋暮旅怀柬翼苍
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清代：
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曹尔堪
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衰草重冈，雁灯吹灭诸陵火。谁家菊朵，开近扶风左。
无限悲秋，难觅江淮舵。耽枯坐，闲门深锁，红叶堆中我。