鱼藻
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两汉]：佚名
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鱼在在藻，有颁其首。王在在镐，岂乐饮酒。
鱼在在藻，有莘其尾。王在在镐，饮酒乐岂。
鱼在在藻，依于其蒲。王在在镐，有那其居。
鱼藻译文及注释
译文
鱼在哪儿在水藻，肥肥大大头儿摆。王在哪儿在京镐，欢饮美酒真自在。
鱼在哪儿在水藻，悠悠长长尾巴摇。王在哪儿在京镐，欢饮美酒真逍遥。
鱼在哪儿在水藻，贴着蒲草多安详。王在哪儿在京镐，所居安乐好地方。
注释
颁（fén）：头大的样子。
镐：西周都城，在今陕西西安。
岂（kǎi）乐：欢乐。
莘（申）：尾巴长的样子。
蒲：多年生草本植物，叶长而尖，多长在河滩上。
那（nuó）：安闲的样子。
鱼藻鉴赏
这是一首赞美君贤民乐的诗歌。《毛诗序》以为“刺幽王也。言万物失其性，王居镐京，将不能以自乐，故君子思古之武王焉”，是以用为意，于诗文本无稽。
诵读诗文，朴实中寓新奇，无论是语言技巧还是结构方式甚或是总体风格都与民谣相近，陈子展以为“全篇以问答为之，自问自答，口讲指画，颇似民谣风格”（《诗经直解》），可谓贴切之论。以此反观诗原文，那种根植于民间的新鲜活泼和摇曳多姿的诗风在雅诗中独显风韵。
全诗共分三章，每章四句。每章前两句以“鱼在在藻”起兴，出语奇崛。一句四字而“在”字两见，颇具特点，对它的理解是正确诠释全诗的关键。若以冬烘之论视之，以为是凑足音节之举，不但在用法上显得笨拙，而且不合《诗经》语体。吴闿生《诗义会通》将“鱼在在藻”释为“鱼何在，在乎藻”，这样两个“在”字实为自问自答，全诗节奏以此为基调，欢快跳跃，收放有致。三章中每章第二句对鱼的形态描写，酷似现代电影中的特写镜头，“依于其蒲”则是鱼在藻中摇头摆尾，得其所需的全景式展示。三章并提，由特写至全景，构成了一组极具情节性和象征意味的鱼藻情趣图。而诗的每章后两句则是写王，“王在在镐”、“饮酒乐岂”，形式上只是语序颠倒，实则暗含活动顺序和因果。春秋时代，酒是富足后的奢侈品，因而也是欢乐的象征。若无“岂乐”的心绪则不会去“饮酒”。而在酒过三巡之后，那欢乐的气氛在酒香弥漫中显得更为浓烈。宴饮之景、欢乐之情跃然纸上。第三章的“有那其居”既是对大王居所的无限赞叹，也是对前两章因果关系上的照应。从视觉效果上看，也正是点和面、局部和全景的关系，与观鱼的空间转换一致，这样整首诗比兴和铺排和谐无间，浑然一体。
通观全诗，“鱼”和“王”，“藻”和“镐”在意象和结构上严格对应，起兴之意昭然。但若止于此，则了无新意。先贤以为此诗“以在藻依蒲为鱼之得所，兴武王之时民亦得所”（郑笺）。虽然武王之说无以确证，但此说为读者揭示了鱼藻的另一层映射关系。诗人歌咏鱼得其所之乐，实则借喻百姓安居乐业的和谐气氛。正是有了这一层借喻关系，全诗在欢快热烈的语言中充分展现了君民同乐的主题。因此，从形式和内容结合的完美程度来考察，这首诗在雅诗中是较优秀之作。
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上一首：
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佚名《
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硕人》
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下一首：
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佚名《
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椒聊》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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