庭燎
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两汉]：佚名
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夜如何其？夜未央，庭燎之光。君子至止，鸾声将将。
夜如何其？夜未艾，庭燎晣晣。君子至止，鸾声哕哕。
夜如何其？夜乡晨，庭燎有辉。君子至止，言观其旂。
庭燎译文及注释
译文
现在夜色啥时光？夜色还早天未亮。庭中火烛放光芒，诸侯大臣快来到，好像车铃叮当响。
现在夜色啥时光？夜色还早无晨光。庭中火烛明晃晃，诸侯大臣快来到，好像车铃响叮当。
现在夜色啥时光？夜色将尽露晨光。庭中火烛仍明亮，诸侯大臣快来到，看见旌旗在飘扬。
注释
庭燎：宫廷中照亮的火炬。
其（jī）：语尾助词。
央：尽。
君子：指上朝的诸侯大臣等人。
鸾：也作“銮”，铃。古代车马所佩的铃。将（qiāng）将：铃声。
艾：尽。
晣（zhé）晣：明亮貌。
哕（huì）哕：鸾铃声。
乡（xiàng）晨：近晨，将亮。乡：同"向"。
有煇（huī）：犹煇煇，光明貌。一说火光暗淡貌。朱熹《诗集传》：“火气也。天欲明而见其烟光相杂也。”
言：乃，爱。旂（qí）：上面画有交龙、竿顶有铃的旗，为诸侯仪仗。
参考资料：
1、朱 熹．诗经集传．上海：上海古籍出版社，1987：81-82
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：391-393
3、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：352-354
庭燎创作背景
关于这首诗的背景及主题，《毛诗序》说：“美宣王也。因以箴之。”齐诗、鲁诗也都以为是周宣王中年怠政，姜后脱簪以谏，宣王改过而勤于政，因有此诗。但作者是什么人，各家之说不一。方玉润《诗经原始》以为“王者自警急于视朝”，为宣王所自作。然而方氏未列出充分的理由。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（下）：雅颂．北京：中华书局，2015：391-393
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：352-354
庭燎鉴赏
此诗描写宫廷早朝的景象，表现君王勤于政事。诗共三章，第一章写夜半之时不安于寝，急于视朝，看到外边已有亮光，知已燃起庭燎；又听到鸾声叮当，知诸侯已有入朝者。说明宣王中兴，政治稳定，百官、内侍皆不敢怠于事，诸侯公卿也谨于君臣大礼，严肃畏敬，及早入朝以待朝会；而宣王勤于政事、体贴臣下、重视朝仪的心情，也无形中见于言外。
第二章时间稍后，但黑夜尚未尽，庭燎之光一片通明，銮铃之声不断，诸侯正陆续来到。朱熹说：“哕哕，近而闻其徐行声有节也。”（《诗集传》）
第三章写晨曦已见，天渐向明，庭燎已不显其明亮。按《说文》：“煇，光也。”段玉裁注：“析言之，则煇、光有别：朝旦为煇，日中为光。”又《礼记·玉藻》：“揖私朝，煇如也；登车则有光。”说清早由家别大夫之时天尚不太亮，至登车时已大亮。则“有煇”指不太亮的光。这一则可与《庄子·逍遥游》中所说“日月出矣，而爝火不息，其于光也，不亦难乎”相证，二则可知火炬即将燃尽，故光不如前之明亮。此时来朝诸侯和天子俱抬头看旂。郑玄笺云：“上二章闻鸾声尔。今夜向明，我见其旂，是朝之时也。朝礼别色始入。”观旂而识别其封爵官位。
昧爽视朝，本为定例，但昏庸之君往往有名无实。宣王勤于朝政，纲纪严肃，上下振作，造成中兴气象，由此诗即可看出。诗中虽未用比兴，也无多形容，但其白描的手法既捕捉到最具特点的情景，也细微地反映出诗人的心理活动和当时心情，实近于天籁。
此诗为唐代贾至《早朝大明宫呈两省僚友》及杜甫、王维、岑参的和诗所效法。但贾至等人之作主要渲染宫廷的庄严华丽，朝仪的肃穆壮观，君王的尊严神圣及大臣的雍容闲雅，稍嫌铺张堆砌。此诗则着重表现了君王急于早朝的心情和对朝仪、诸侯的关切。“君子至止，言观其旂”，写人写景结合在一起，颇能传神。两类诗都作于乱后新君刚刚即位之时，但就表现而言，《小雅·庭燎》较之唐诗更为真挚而简练，让人读后深觉言有尽而意无穷。
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佚名《
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叔于田》
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佚名《
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简兮》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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