除夜
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宋代]：文天祥
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乾坤空落落，岁月去堂堂；
无复屠苏梦，挑灯夜未央。
除夜译文及注释
译文
天地之间一片空旷，时光公然地离我而去。
在人生的末路上因为风雨而受惊，在偏僻的边疆饱经了冰雪寒霜。
如今生命跟这一年一样快要结束了，我和我一生的经历也会被遗忘。
以后再也梦不到过新年喝屠苏酒，只能在漫漫长夜里拨动灯火。
注释
除夜：即除夕，为农历一年中的最后一天。
乾坤：天地间。乾，卦名，天；坤:卦名，地。
堂堂：公然。唐·薛能《春日使府寓怀》诗：“青春背我堂堂去，白发欺人故故生。”
穷：偏僻的。
屠苏：代指新年，古有农历初一饮屠苏酒的习俗。
挑灯：拨动灯火（古人多用油灯，需要拨动灯芯），点灯。
央：尽，完，结束。
参考资料：
1、古诗文网经典传承志愿小组．方相氏译注，作者邮箱：1572076419@qq.com
除夜鉴赏
此诗作于元朝至元十八年，即公元1281年，是文天祥平生度过的最后一个除夕夜。这一首诗，诗句冲淡、平和，没有“天地有正气”的豪迈，没有“留取丹心照汗青”的慷慨，只表现出大英雄欲与家人共聚一堂欢饮屠苏酒过元旦的愿望，甚至字里行间中透露出一丝寂寞、悲怆的情绪。恰恰是在丹心如铁男儿这一柔情的刹那，反衬出勃勃钢铁意志之下人的肉身的真实性，这种因亲情牵扯萌发的“脆弱”，更让我们深刻体味了伟大的人性和铮铮男儿的不朽人格。
《除夜》一诗，没有雕琢之语，没有琐碎之句，更无高昂的口号式咏叹。可是，我们仍旧感到心灵的一种强烈震撼。无论时光怎样改变，无论民族构成如何增容扩大，无论道德是非观念几经嬗变，文天祥，作为我们民族精神的象征，作为忠孝节义人格的伟大图腾，万年不朽，颠扑不灭，仍会是在日后无数个世代激励一辈又一辈人的道德典范。
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上一首：
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范成大《
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卖痴呆词》
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下一首：
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文征明《
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拜年》
文天祥简介
唐代·文天祥的简介
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文天祥（1236.6.6－1283.1.9），字履善，又字宋瑞，自号文山，浮休道人。汉族，吉州庐陵（今江西吉安县）人，南宋末大臣，文学家，民族英雄。宝祐四年（1256年）进士，官到右丞相兼枢密史。被派往元军的军营中谈判，被扣留。后脱险经高邮嵇庄到泰县塘湾，由南通南归，坚持抗元。祥光元年（1278年）兵败被张弘范俘虏，在狱中坚持斗争三年多，后在柴市从容就义。著有《过零丁洋》、《文山诗集》、《指南录》、《指南后录》、《正气歌》等作品。
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