秋晚登城北楼
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宋代]：陆游
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山河兴废供搔首，身世安危入倚楼。
横槊赋诗非复昔，梦魂犹绕古梁州。
秋晚登城北楼创作背景
这首诗写于宋孝宗淳熙四年(1177)九月。诗人当时在四川成都。一天他拄杖登上了城北门楼，远眺晚秋萧条的景象，激起了对关中失地和要塞大散关的怀念。进而抒发了壮志难酬的悲愤和忧国伤时的深情。
秋晚登城北楼鉴赏
首句“幅巾藜杖北城头”，“幅巾”指不著冠，只用一幅丝巾束发；“藜杖”，藜茎做成的手杖。“北城头”指成都北门城头。这句诗描绘了诗人的装束和出游的地点，反映了他当时闲散的生活，无拘无束和日就衰颓的情况。“卷地西风满眼愁”是写诗人当时的感受。当诗人登上北城门楼时，首先感到的是卷地的西风。“西风”是秋天的象征，“卷地”形容风势猛烈。时序已近深秋，西风劲吹，百草摧折，寒气袭人，四野呈现出一片肃杀景象。当这种萧条凄凉景象映入诗人眼帘时，愁绪不免袭上心来。“满眼愁”，正是写与外物相接而起的悲愁。但诗人在登楼前内心已自不欢，只有心怀悲愁的人，外界景物才会引起愁绪。所以与其说是“满眼愁”，勿宁说是“满怀愁”。“满眼愁”在这里起承上启下的作用，而“愁”字可以说是诗眼。它既凝聚着诗人当时整个思想感情，全诗又从这里生发开来。这句诗在这里起到了点题的作用。
“一点烽传散关信，两行雁带杜陵秋。”这两句是写对边境情况的忧虑和对关中国土的怀念。大散关是南宋西北边境上的重要关塞，诗人过去曾在那里驻守过，今天登楼远望从那里传来的烽烟，说明边境上发生紧急情况。作为一个积极主张抗金的诗人，怎能不感到深切的关注和无穷的忧虑呢？这恐伯是诗人所愁之一。深秋来临，北地天寒，鸿雁南飞，带来了“杜陵秋”的信息。古代有鸿传书的典故。陆游身在西南地区的成都，常盼望从北方传来好消息。但这次看到鸿雁传来的却是“杜陵秋”。杜陵(在今陕西西安市东南)秦置杜县，汉宣帝陵墓在此，故称杜陵。诗中用杜陵借指长安。长安为宋以前多代王朝建都之地。故在这里又暗喻故都汴京。秋，在这里既指季节，也有岁月更替的意思。“杜陵秋”三字，寄寓着诗人对关中失地的关怀，对故都沦陷的怀念之情。远望烽火，仰视雁阵，想到岁月空逝，兴复无期，不觉愁绪万千，涌上心头。
“山河兴废供搔首，身世安危入倚楼。”这联诗句，抒发了诗人的忧国深情。“山河”在此代表国家，国家可兴亦可废，而谁是兴国的英雄？“身世”指所处的时代。时代可安亦可危，谁又是转危为安、扭转乾坤的豪杰？山河兴废难料，身世安危未卜，瞻望前途，真令人搔首不安，愁肠百结。再看，自己投闲置散，报国无门，只能倚楼而叹了。
“横槊赋诗非复昔，梦魂犹绕古梁州。”这—联既承前意，又总结全诗。“横槊赋诗’意指行军途中，在马上横戈吟诗，语出元振稹《唐故捡校工部员外郎杜君墓系铭并序》“曹氏父子鞍马间为文，往往横槊赋诗。”其后苏拭在《前赤壁赋》中也曾写过“横槊赋诗，固一世之雄也。“横槊赋诗”在这里借指乾道八年(1172)陆游于南郑任四川宣抚使幕府职时在军中作诗事，他经常怀念的，正是“铁马秋风大散关”的戎马生涯，而现在这些已成往事。“非复昔”三字包含着多少感慨啊！诗人虽然离开南郑已有五年之久，但金戈铁马，魂绕古梁州”，正是报国心志的抒发，诗虽结束，而余韵悠长。
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上一首：
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柳永《
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临江仙引·渡口》
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纳兰性德《
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南乡子·秋暮村居》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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