寒塘
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唐代]：赵嘏
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晓发梳临水，寒塘坐见秋。
乡心正无限，一雁度南楼。
寒塘译文及注释
译文
韵译
清晨起来到水边去梳洗，因在寒塘得见一派凉秋。
思乡之情正值无比烦乱，又见一只孤雁飞过南楼。
散译
早晨起来临水梳弄头发，望着寒塘水面，知是秋天到来的气候。
思乡的心绪无限地浓厚，一只大雁飞入南楼。
注释
寒塘：秋天的池塘。
晓发（fà）：早起弄发。
坐：因。
乡心：思乡之心。
度：一解为“飞越”，一解为“飞入”。
寒塘创作背景
这首诗具体创作年代已不详，据诗意知作于某个秋日早晨。而关于此诗的真正作者，文学界历来存在争议，有人认为这是“大历十才子”之一的司空曙所作，不过，学术界一般将其认定为赵嘏（gǔ）的作品。
参考资料：
1、于海娣．唐诗鉴赏大全集：中国华侨出版社，2010：626
寒塘鉴赏
前二句谓早起临水梳发，因此（“坐”）在塘边看到寒秋景色。但如此道来，便无深意。这里两句句法倒装，则至少包含三层意思：一是点明时序，深秋是容易触动离情的季节，与后文“乡心”关合；二是暗示羁旅困顿，到塘边梳洗，以水为镜；三是由句式倒装形成“梳发见秋”意，令人联想到“羞将白发照渌水”、“不知明镜里，何处得秋霜”（李白）的名句，这就暗含非但岁华将暮，而人生也进入迟暮。十字三层，言浅意深。
上言秋暮人老境困，三句更加一层，点出身在客中。而“乡心”字面又由次句“见秋”引出，故自然而不见有意加“码”。客子心中蕴积的愁情，因秋一触即发，化作无边乡愁。“无限”二字，颇有分量，决非浮泛之辞。乡愁已自如许，然而末句还要更加一“码”：“一雁度南楼”。初看是写景，意关“见秋”，言外其实有“雁归人未归”意。写人在难堪时又添新的刺激，是绝句常用的加倍手法。韦应物《闻雁》云：“故园渺何处？归思方悠哉。淮南秋雨夜，高斋闻雁来。”就相当于此诗末二句的意境。“归思后说闻雁，其情自深。一倒转说，则近人能之矣。”（《唐诗别裁》）“一雁”的“一”字，极可人意，表现出清冷孤独的意境，如写“群雁”便乏味了。前三句多用齿舌声：“晓”、“梳”、“水”、“见秋”、“乡心”、“限”，读来和谐且有切切自语之感，有助表现凄迷心情，末句则不复用之，更觉调响惊心。此诗末句脍炙人口，宋词“渐一声雁过南楼也，更细雨，时飘洒”（陈允平《塞垣春》），即从此句化出。
此诗兼层深与浑成，主要还是作者生活感受深切，又工吟咏，“初非措意，直如化工生物，笋未生而苞节已具，非寸寸为之也。若先措意，便刻画愈深，愈堕恶境矣。”（毛先舒）此理又不可不知。
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赵嘏简介
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赵嘏 , 字承佑， 楚州山阳(今江苏省淮安市楚州区)人， 约生于宪宗元和元年(806). 年轻时四处游历， 大和七年预省试进士下第， 留寓长安多年， 出入豪门以干功名， 其间似曾远去岭表当了几年幕府。 后回江东, 家于润州(今镇江). 会昌四年进士及第, 一年后东归。 会昌末或大中初复往长安， 入仕为渭南尉。 约宣宗大中六、七年(852、853)卒于任上。 存诗二百多首， 其中七律、七绝最多且较出色。
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