淮上与友人别
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唐代]：郑谷
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数声风笛离亭晚，君向潇湘我向秦。
淮上与友人别译文及注释
译文
扬子江头杨柳青青春色惹人心，杨花似雪漫天飞舞愁杀渡江人。
微风轻拂笛声幽咽离亭染暮色，你就要南下潇湘我却奔向西秦。
注释
淮（huái）上：扬州。淮：淮水。
扬子江：长江在江苏镇江、扬州一带的干流，古称扬子江。杨柳：“柳”与“留”谐音，表示挽留之意。
杨花：柳絮。愁杀：愁绪满怀。杀，形容愁的程度之深。
风笛：风中传来的笛声。离亭：驿亭。亭是古代路旁供人休息的地方，人们常在此送别，所以称为“离亭”。
潇湘（xiāo xiāng）：指今湖南一带。秦：指当时的都城长安。在今陕西境内。
参考资料：
1、雅瑟．唐诗三百首鉴赏大全集．北京：新世界出版社，2011：426
2、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：848-849
淮上与友人别创作背景
这首诗是诗人在扬州（即题中所称“淮上”）和友人分手时所作。和通常的送行不同，这是一次各赴前程的握别：友人渡江南往潇湘（今湖南一带），自己则北向长安。
参考资料：
1、刘学锴 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1349-1350
淮上与友人别鉴赏
晚唐绝句自杜牧、李商隐以后，单纯议论之风渐炽，抒情性、形象性和音乐性都大为减弱。而郑谷的这首七绝则仍然保持了长于抒情、富于风韵的特点。
“扬子江头杨柳春，杨花愁杀渡江人。”一、二两句即景抒情，点醒别离，写得潇洒不着力，读来别具一种天然的风韵。画面很疏朗，淡淡几笔，像一幅清新秀雅的水墨画。景中寓情，富于含蕴。依依袅袅的柳丝，牵曳着彼此依依惜别的深情，唤起一种“柳丝长，玉骢难系”的伤离意绪；蒙蒙飘荡的杨花，惹动着双方缭乱不宁的离绪，勾起天涯羁旅的漂泊之感。美好的江头柳色，宜人春光，在这里恰恰成了离情别绪的触媒，所以说“愁杀渡江人”。诗人用淡墨点染景色，用重笔抒写愁绪，初看似不甚协调，细味方感到二者的和谐统一。两句中“扬子江头”、“杨柳春”、“杨花”等同音字的有意重复，构成了一种既轻爽流利，又回环往复，富于情韵美的风调，使人读来既感到感情的深永，又不显得过于沉重与伤感。次句虽单提“渡江人”，但彼此羁旅漂泊，南北乖离，君愁吾亦愁，原是不言自明的。
“数声风笛离亭晚，君向潇湘我向秦。”三、四两句，从江头景色收转到离亭别宴，正面抒写握别时情景。驿亭宴别，酒酣情浓，席间吹奏起了凄清怨慕的笛曲。即景抒情，所奏的也许正是象征着别离的《折杨柳》。这笛声正倾诉出彼此的离衷，使两位即将分手的友人耳接神驰，默默相对，思绪萦绕，随风远扬。离笛声中，天色仿佛不知不觉地暗了下来，握别的时间到了。两位朋友在沉沉暮霭中互道珍重，各奔前程——“君向潇湘我向秦”。诗到这里，突然停止，富有韵味。
这首诗有一个别开生面和富于情韵的结尾，使得它受到较高的评价。表面上看，末句只是交待各自行程的叙述语，既乏寓情于景的描写，也无一唱三叹的抒情，实际上诗的深长韵味恰恰就蕴含在这貌似朴直的不结之结当中。由于前面已通过江头春色、杨花柳丝、离亭宴饯、风笛暮霭等一系列物象情景对离情进行反复渲染，结句的截然而止，在反激与对照中愈益显出其内涵的丰富。临歧握别的黯然伤魂，各向天涯的无限愁绪，南北异途的深长思念，乃至漫长旅程中的无边寂寞，都在这不言中得到充分的表达。“君”“我”对举，“向”字重叠，更使得这句诗增添了咏叹的情味。
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柳宗元《
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种柳戏题》
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李煜《
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赐宫人庆奴》
郑谷简介
唐代·郑谷的简介
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郑谷（约851～910）唐朝末期著名诗人。字守愚，汉族，江西宜春市袁州区人。僖宗时进士，官都官郎中，人称郑都官。又以《鹧鸪诗》得名，人称郑鹧鸪。其诗多写景咏物之作，表现士大夫的闲情逸致。风格清新通俗，但流于浅率。曾与许裳、张乔等唱和往还，号“芳林十哲”。原有集，已散佚，存《云台编》。
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