诉衷情·小桃灼灼柳鬖鬖
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宋代]:黄庭坚
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小桃灼灼柳鬖鬖,春色满江南。雨晴风暖烟淡,天气正醺酣。
山泼黛,水挼蓝,翠相搀。歌楼酒旆,故故招人,权典青衫。
诉衷情·小桃灼灼柳鬖鬖译文及注释
译文
桃花盛开,垂柳依依,江南的春色很美。雨过天晴,春风温暖烟霭淡淡,让人陶醉。
山峦黛绿,水波湛蓝,绿水与青山相互映衬着。歌楼酒旗飘动,招人前去。姑且把青衫典当了换酒吧。
注释
灼灼:形容花朵颜色鲜明亮丽。
鬖鬖:音sān sān,植物枝叶下垂貌。
醺酣:形容天气温暖困人。
黛:青黑色的颜料,古代女子用来画眉。
挼蓝:浸揉蓝草作染料,诗词中用以借指湛蓝色。
酒旆:旆字读作pèi,也可写作“斾”,酒旆即是酒旗。
故故:常常;屡屡。
参考资料:
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》(唐·五代·北宋卷)上海辞书出版社,1988年版,第804页
诉衷情·小桃灼灼柳鬖鬖创作背景
该词创作于元丰三年(1080年)左右,该年黄庭坚到江西太和县(今泰和县)任知县,上任后,黄庭坚以平易治理该县,减轻税负,得到百姓拥戴。黄庭坚此时年轻有为,政绩突出,该词正是在这样的背景下创作的。
参考资料:
1、郑竹青,周双利.《中华诗词经典 第4卷 》 :学习出版社,2011:2454页
诉衷情·小桃灼灼柳鬖鬖鉴赏
词的开头一句就把最足以作为春天表征的桃花盛开,柳条垂拂这两种典型景物描写出来。第二句“春色满江南”,用个“满”字似乎表明不必再写其他景物了,其实这是承上启下,着意于过渡。一切景物都是相互关联着的,美景还要有良辰衬托。如果碰到风雨如晦的天气,即使是盛开的桃花,扶疏的柳条,看起来也会令人黯然魂销。所以接下去转向对天气的描写:“雨晴风暖烟淡,天气正醺酣。”这里边包括四种意思:宿雨初晴,惠风和畅,烟霭澹淡,着人如酒的天气。这样的天气,使人心旷神怡,正可以游目骋怀,饱览自然风光。
下片前三句“山泼黛,水挼蓝,翠相搀”连贯而下,以浓重的色彩,绘出了江南山水的春容。“泼”字,“挼”字用得很有魄力,非崇尚纤巧者所能办。
色彩浓丽的山和水,正承上阕“雨晴风暖烟淡”句而来,只有新雨之后,和风之中,天宇澄澈,万木争荣,才能为山水增辉。“泼黛”、“挼蓝”二句不仅画出了山色、水色,也反映了万物春天里的勃勃生机。写到这里为止,已经构成了一幅完整的色彩明丽的江南春景画面。“良辰美景”都有了,但似乎还缺少点什么,抬头望处,看到了“歌楼酒旆”。楼外的酒旗迎风飘动,足以惹人神飞。“故故招人”,生动地写出了词人的心理状态。“故故”这里是故意、特意之义,酒旗当然谈不上故意招人,只是因为词人想喝酒,才产生这种感觉。这一句是移情手法的巧妙运用。酒兴发作了,而阮囊已空,回去吧,却又败兴,所以只好“权典青衫”。这一句是化用杜甫“朝回日日典春衣,每日江头尽醉归”(《曲江》二首之二)诗意,集中体现了词人的性格、情趣。
黄庭坚这首小令,短短的四十四个字,江南春景层层叙写,逐步展现。桃柳、天气、山水、“歌楼酒旆”到结语,层层勾勒,上下呼应,脉理分明,语言沉着有力,意境风神曳,情景兼备,堪称佳作。
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司空图《
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独望》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚(1045.8.9-1105.5.24),字鲁直,号山谷道人,晚号涪翁,洪州分宁(今江西省九江市修水县)人,北宋著名文学家、书法家,为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖,与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”(黄庭坚为其中一宗)之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下,合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名,世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》,且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格,为“宋四家”之一。
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