破阵子·燕子欲归时节
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宋代]:晏殊
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燕子欲归时节,高楼昨夜西风。求得人间成小会,试把金尊傍菊丛。歌长粉面红。
斜日更穿帘幕,微凉渐入梧桐。多少襟情言不尽,写向蛮笺曲调中。此情千万重。
破阵子·燕子欲归时节译文及注释
译文
燕子归来的时节,吹起了西风。希望在人世间我们还能能相聚在一起,在菊花丛中举杯共饮。歌声悠扬有你粉嫩的脸庞。
夕阳穿过幕帘,阴影包围了梧桐。有多少情话说不尽,写在给你的词曲中。这份情千万重。
注释
破阵子:唐教坊曲名,又名《十拍子》。
金尊:酒杯。
斜日:夕阳。
更:正。
蛮笺:谓蜀笺,唐时指四川地区所造彩色花纸。
破阵子·燕子欲归时节创作背景
一般认为《破阵子·燕子欲归时节》这首词是宋仁宗晏殊家道落寞时所作。看到歌女的酸楚,联想到自己的落魄,由此创作这首词作表达内心的痛苦。
参考资料:
1、贺新辉 .宋词鉴赏辞典 :北京燕山出版社 ,1987年9月 .
破阵子·燕子欲归时节鉴赏
这首词,仍然是惜别、思念之作。寂寞是爱的一种声音,孤独是爱的另外一种声音。而心,则是爱的道路。爱情是盏灯,思念是其中的灯油。当有一天,一个人站在往事的回廊中观望的时候,纵有如火的红豆,也点不亮那断了纹路的情伤。情已断,爱已走,心已碎,手已凉。这样的现实,不知不觉地站在一个女子的心里。
于自己内心思念的尽头,发现,心被那远去的人牵得很紧,很疼。世界这么大,但幸运的是,那别人的名字,仍然还在心里,牵挂着,等待着,等待他的归期。只是不知道,是不是还能穿过茫茫的红尘,找到那把可以打开距离的钥匙。
真的如同徐再思所说的那样:平生不会相思,才会相思,便害相思。
叶嘉莹先生在《大晏词的欣赏》中这样评价此词:“至于写艳情者,如其……《破阵子》之‘多少襟怀言不尽,写向蛮笺曲调中,此情千万重’,若以这些词句与柳永《定风流》之‘彩线慵拈伴伊坐’,《菊花新》之‘欲掩香帏论缱绻’诸作相较,则大晏正所谓‘虽作艳语,终有品格’,因为大晏所唤起人的只是一份深挚的情意,而此一份情意虽然或者乃因儿女之情而发,然而却并不为儿女之情所限,较之一些言外无物的浅露淫亵之作,自然有高下、雅鄙的分别。”
有权威的解析认为,这是一首秋日席间赠妓之作。全篇代歌妓述事言情,先写这位歌女对“时节”的感受,次写她在筵席上与GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人“小会”的欢欣及她的即席演唱,最后写她与GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人依依惜别的种种情状。
这样的解析虽然没有什么问题,但是我总是觉得太过实在了一些。晏殊自己没有明说这是代歌女而作或赠妓之作,我们如果断成代歌女而作或赠妓之作,也不是不可,只是在我看来,有点喧宾夺主的嫌疑。所以,我坚持认为,这就是一首惜别、思念之作。和一个女子有关。除此之外,不做其他的推断。
这里点明了时节。从“燕子欲归”和“昨夜西风”这两句来看,当是晚春至秋初的这段时节。
这句,其实存在着一个人物特写。一个女子站在高楼之上,望着远方的姿态写满了思念。虽然晏殊从词语上没有写到这个女子,但从“燕子”、“高楼”这两句,我们就可以在自己的脑海中勾画出一个女子婀娜多姿的身姿。真正的高手,就高在“以物衬人”或“以物写人”的境界上。
诗词从来都是一种省略文体,不可能说得过于明白。所以,这就需要我们有想象力,甚至是合理的、大胆的想象。
“燕子欲归”,这其实是女子内心的愿望和最真最深的疼。你看那燕子,都双飞在她的眼前,可是,他却独自留下她,忍受这漫长的寂寞的煎熬,甚至是孤独的思念的掏挖。
燕子欲归,人未归。我想,这才是晏殊最想写出来的结果。不过,却留着,让读者自己去想象。明白无误的是,词中女子的内心和思念已经寄出去,而且,一直没有找到可以收留的地方,一直在路上跋涉。
不过,他仍然在她的心里燃烧着。他拿走了她的梦、她的泪水和她的思念。
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晏殊简介
唐代·晏殊的简介
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晏殊【yàn shū】(991-1055)字同叔,著名词人、诗人、散文家,北宋抚州府临川城人(今江西进贤县文港镇沙河人,位于香楠峰下,其父为抚州府手力节级),是当时的抚州籍第一个宰相。晏殊与其第七子晏几道(1037-1110),在当时北宋词坛上,被称为“大晏”和“小晏”。
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