采桑子·彭浪矶
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宋代]：朱敦儒
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碧山对晚汀洲冷，枫叶芦根。日落波平。愁损辞乡去国人。
采桑子·彭浪矶译文及注释
译文
乘舟避难江南，就像失群的大雁，孤独的浮云。穿梭在连绵的烟尘之中，回国中原已泪满襟。
碧山对着水边的平地有丝丝凉意，看着枫树叶和芦苇根。太阳落山了水波平静了怨恨离开了家乡。
注释
彭浪矶：在江西省彭泽县长江南岸。
扁舟：小舟。
汀洲：水中或水边的平地。
采桑子·彭浪矶创作背景
这首词题为“彭浪矶”，是在靖康之变后，词人离开故乡洛阳南下避难，经江西彭浪矶往两广途中创作的。
参考资料：
1、周克乾．最美的宋词．北京：北京大学出版社，2013.05：第104页
采桑子·彭浪矶鉴赏
上阕写自己背井离乡，像“旅雁孤云”一般凄苦，回首中原战火纷飞，不觉涕泪沾巾。
起首二句叙事即景自寓身世经历。乘一叶扁舟，到江南去避难作客，仰望那长空中失群的旅雁和孤零飘荡的浮云，不禁深感自己的境遇正复相类。两句融叙事、写景、抒情为一体，亦赋亦比亦兴，起得浑括自然。“万里烟尘，回首中原泪满巾”，两句写回首北望所见所感。中原失守，国士同悲。这两句直抒情怀，略无雕饰，取景阔大，声情悲壮。
过片“碧山对晚汀洲冷，枫叶芦根”两句，收回眼前现境。薄暮时分，泊舟矶畔，但见江中的碧山正为暮霭所笼罩，矶边的汀洲，芦根残存，枫叶飘零，满眼萧瑟冷落的景象。这里写矶边秋暮景色，带有浓厚的凄清黯淡色彩，这是词人国家残破、颠沛流离中的情绪的反映。“日落波平，愁损辞乡去国人”，两句总收，点明自己“辞乡去国”以来的心情。日落时分，往往是增加羁旅者乡愁的时刻，对于作者这样一位仓皇避难的旅人来说，他的寂寞感、凄凉感不用说是更为强烈了。渐趋平缓的江波，这里恰恰反托出了词人不平静的心情。
全篇以景寄情，动静交错，色调苍暗。用“扁舟”、“旅雁”、“孤云”、“汀洲冷”、“枫叶芦根”等典型的深秋景物，烘托出诗人的凄楚情怀，同时也流露出了对国事的忡忡忧虑，唱出了时代的悲凉之音。
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朱敦儒简介
唐代·朱敦儒的简介
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朱敦儒 （1081－1159），字希真，洛阳人。历兵部郎中、临安府通判、秘书郎、都官员外郎、两浙东路提点刑狱，致仕，居嘉禾。绍兴二十九年（1159）卒。有词三卷，名《樵歌》。朱敦儒获得“词俊”之名，与“诗俊”陈与义等并称为“洛中八俊” （楼钥《跋朱岩壑鹤赋及送闾丘使君诗》）
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