菩萨蛮·枕前发尽千般愿
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两汉]：佚名
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枕前发尽千般愿，要休且待青山烂。水面上秤锤浮，直待黄河彻底枯。
白日参辰现，北斗回南面。休即未能休，且待三更见日头。
菩萨蛮·枕前发尽千般愿鉴赏
它没有文人词深婉曲折的风致和含蓄蕴藉的神韵。从写法上的铺排、衬字的运用、表意的泼辣直露看，似元曲。但又无元曲的圆熟流丽、挥洒曲折。然而它却激动人心，千古不衰。
原因在于主人以忠贞热烈的感情激发的想象和这种想象的感染力。词中的想象多样而新奇。主人公一连想到六种自然景物和非现实现象。青山、水面、黄河、参辰、北斗、日头，这些是习见的，并不奇。但经浪漫主义的想象之后，立刻变得引人入胜了。这些奇想反复表达了主人公的愿望，使人感到分明有一种“理”在：真正的爱情不一定是已经长久不分的，而是希望天长地久的。如果没有这种希望，整日厮守也徒然，有这种希望，即使天涯海角甚至人间天上的分离也美满。在主人公的眼中，爱情与山河同在，与日月共存。夸张地强调了爱情永固，但又不觉得过分，读者只为主人公崇高的感情而激动。相形之下，那些不严肃的爱情观是多么暗淡、空虚和渺小。由羡慕进而想到主人公如此之情是怎样产生的。
尽管因素多种，依现在的理解，最重要的是它有充实的内容。但词中却只字未提，明快而又耐人寻味。诗中的想象是广阔大胆的。由大地到天空是其想象的空间，由山河到星日是其想象的对象。以宇宙间最雄伟的景物来烘托爱情，敢于把爱的生命与永恒的宇宙并提，形成一种奇妙的类比推理：青山不会烂，水面浮不起秤锤，黄河不会枯竭，参星和辰星不会在白天出现，北斗不会回到南天，半夜不会升起太阳，爱情不会中断。这样的类推也可说是理不通而情通，无理而妙。诗中提到的自然现象都遵循一个共同的规律，存在于天地之间，根据人们的经验，这规律是万古不变的。词中主人公正是依据这些自然现象与爱情理想在时间上的相似点，进行想象的。但未从正面写，却将爱的中止与这些规律的改变联系起来让前者发生在后者之后，由于后者是不会实现的，前者就不会发生。爱情永存的愿望被表现得十分生动有力，体现了从反面写与从正面写的不同效果。对可能出现的意外的担心，是更深的爱。愿其长久和害怕失去虽然意思相近，但后者对于对象的珍爱远胜前者，往往是精神上难以缺少的。诗中的奇伟想象正是由这深情所激发，而想象又使感情表达得更真挚、明朗、坚定、感人。
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韦庄《
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