浣溪沙·五两竿头风欲平
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两汉]：佚名
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五两竿头风欲平，长风举棹觉船轻。柔橹不施停却棹，是船行。
满眼风波多闪烁，看山恰似走来迎。仔细看山山不动，是船行。
浣溪沙·五两竿头风欲平鉴赏
这是敦煌曲子词中的一首，篇幅不长，却多变化。起首“五两竿头风欲平”。五两，古代候风的用具。用五两（一说八两）鸡毛制成，故名。系于高竿顶端，用来测占风向、风力。“两”或作“里”，“里”是“量”的形误。六朝以后，“两”、“量”常常通用。风欲平，是说风力转弱。顾况《五两歌送张夏》：“竿头五两风袅袅，水上云帆逐鸟飞。”船原先停泊在避风的港湾。船夫好容易从侯风器觇得风势转趋平缓，赶紧拔锚启航。但驶出港湾时遇上打头风，逆风划船，走得很慢，所以说“觉船行”。及至驶到江心，“柔橹不施停却棹”，顺风扬帆，乘风破浪，连橹和桨都不用使，而船行快速，所以说“是船行”。两语相承，用“觉”和“是”两字分点，似复非复，精当之极。换头“满眼风光多闪灼”，波光明灭，闪烁不定。不说船行进的快速，而以“看山恰似走来迎”，化静为动，着重写出船行山迎相对运动的感觉。山，原本岿然不动，由于舟船行驶，映入舟中人眼帘的是仿佛山在迎面走来。这种疑动式是由视官造成的心理错觉。审美主体赋予静止的审美对象以动感，可以增强诗词展现的画面的趣味性。这在古典诗歌中用得较多，比如梁元帝萧绎《早发龙巢诗》：“不疑行舫动，唯见远树来。”庾肩吾诗句也有“只认己身往，翻疑彼岸移”（《随园诗话》卷三引）。李白《望天门山》有“两岸青山相对出”句。这些都是描写一种疑动的境界。但，在曲子歌辞里却并不多见。而此篇写得又早，弥觉可贵。煞尾又说：“子细看山山不动，是船行。”兜底点破，未免失之过于直露。
这首词上片写启航、扬帆的经过，下片叙行船所见。乍看起来仿佛纯在写景，只字未及船夫的心情。其实不然。诗贵含蓄。黄侃《文心雕龙札记》载张戒《岁寒堂诗话》引刘勰语，“情在词外曰隐。”所谓“隐”，不是一目了然的正面直说，而是借物达意，深文隐蔚，馀味曲包。这首词在艺术上的成功之处正在于它借助行船及舟中人所见情景的生动描画，以轻快的节奏，传达出船夫愉悦的心情。押韵自由，“行”字韵重复又重复，却又非独木桥体，这是早期民间词的特点。
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上一首：
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冯延巳《
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谒金门·风乍起》
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下一首：
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冯延巳《
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清平乐·雨晴烟晚》
佚名简介
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