凤栖梧·绿暗红稀春已暮
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宋代]：葛长庚
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绿暗红稀春已暮，燕子衔泥，飞入垂杨处。柳絮欲停风不住，杜鹃声里山无数。
竹杖芒鞋无定据，穿过溪南，独木横桥路。樵子渔师来又去，一川风月谁为主。
凤栖梧·绿暗红稀春已暮鉴赏
这首词，《词综》作于真人词。玉蟾先生《诗余》作葛长庚词。《全宋词》“无名氏目”录此题，全文见《词综·卷二十四》。
这首词的主旨在于表现暮春时节落拓无依的羁旅之愁。上片浓艳，下片疏淡。
“绿暗红稀”正是李清照《如梦令》中之“绿肥红瘦”，意味着绿叶成荫，而百花凋落。从“绿”、“红”二字见色彩之艳丽，而“暗”、“稀”二字，却又给人以迟暮之感，全篇感情基调已由这四字定下，以下乐景，哀景亦由此发端。“春已暮”点明时节。“燕子衔泥，飞入垂杨处”句，画感鲜明，形象优美，洋溢着生活气息，有如春的赞歌，这里写的是乐景、“柳絮欲停风不住”句，仍写暮春之景，却使人在情绪上顿觉跌落。柳絮不能自主浮沉，因风而飘泊不定，让人联想起游子之飘泊无依的情状来，这正是句中景物的寓意。下句“杜鹃声里山无数”正是在此基础上进一步渲染悲凉气氛。“山无数”自是“乱山深处”。杜鹃一声接着一声，使人倍觉悲摧，应是哀景。词的上片就是这样通过对暮春景物的铺陈描写，由乐景引出哀景来，“柳絮”句很自然地体现出这种过度与转折，并为下片抒情留下伏笔。
下片，描绘游子形象，抒发羁旅忧愁。“竹杖芒鞋”正是颠沛流离、终日奔波的远行人之写照，“无定据”显示这远行游子的飘泊无依，同上片“柳絮”句遥相呼应。“穿过溪南，独木横桥路”承接“山无数”，点明词人立足点，即游子之所在。然后用“樵子渔师”来来往往，自得其乐，反衬游子之飘泊天涯，纵有“一川风月”又有什么心思欣赏，“一川风月”意味着夜的来临，加重羁旅无归之悲慨。“谁为主”与“无定据”及以上片之“柳絮”句暗脉相通，进一层表现客身在外，无所归依的心情。
全词有一种浓厚的时代末落气氛，与南宋后期许多士人处境吻合。词中写景全是画笔，浓淡相宜。乐景暗含迟暮色调，渗出悲凉来。乐景转出哀景，浓重地渲染悲愁气氛。寥寥几笔写景却抓住羁旅特色，构成典型环境，表现主人公之寂寞孤单。全词展现出一幅暮春风月、独木横桥路上、天涯飘泊图来，富有情韵。（陶先淮）
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吕渭老《
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葛长庚简介
唐代·葛长庚的简介
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白玉蟾(公元1194 - ?；现学界对其卒年尚有多种说法；)本姓葛，名长庚。为白氏继子，故又名白玉蟾。字如晦、紫清、白叟，号海琼子、海南翁、武夷散人、神霄散吏。南宋时人，祖籍福建闽清，生于琼州（今海南琼山）人，一说福建闽清人。幼聪慧，谙九经，能诗赋，长于书画，曾举童子科。及长，因“任侠杀人，亡命至武夷”。
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