蝴蝶儿·蝴蝶儿
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唐代]：张泌
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蝴蝶儿，晚春时。阿娇初著淡黄衣，倚窗学画伊。
还似花间见，双双对对飞。无端和泪拭胭脂，惹教双翅垂。
蝴蝶儿·蝴蝶儿鉴赏
早期的词，词牌往往也就是题目。它兼具两个作用：确定音乐上的曲调，一般也限定了词的创作内容。张泌的《胡蝶儿》便有这一特点。开篇两句即紧扣题目，前三字完全重复题目字面，可说是特例。审视题旨，词应该描绘胡蝶的形神姿态，这两句偏不作摹写语，而用叙述的方法，但却把胡蝶翩翩飞动的轻盈形象活灵活现地写出来了。关键是“晚春时”三字起到了极好的作用。它虽只点明特定的时节，却可以让我们想象出繁花如锦，草木丰茂，莺歌燕舞的暮春三月的风光。胡蝶正是在这时出现，驾东风，采花粉，扇起它灵巧的双翅，又给春天增添了新的活力和气息。接着，诗人撇下胡蝶，运转笔锋写人。“阿娇初著淡黄衣，倚窗学画伊。”阿娇，汉武帝陈皇后的小名，后用以代称少女。陶宗仪《辍耕录》“关中以女儿为阿娇”可证。这少女被翩翩飞舞的胡蝶所吸引，凭倚着疏窗，手挥彩笔为它真。这对上文摹写胡蝶具有充实深化的作用，更好地表现了纷飞的胡蝶非常惹人喜爱，以至少女捃摭入画。这两句写少女也是十分工致的。晚春是春夏更替的季节，人感受到新季节的来临，带着欣喜的心情送旧迎新，换装是自然的事。“初著淡黄衣”，不仅说出了这些变化，而且刻划了少女美丽动人，充满青春活力的形象。“倚窗”的情态更描写出了少女凭窗握管的风姿。前人说：“阿娇二句妩媚。”（旧题汤显祖《花间集评》）是很有见地的。
换头就少女“学画”运笔“还似花间见，双双对对飞”，画出的胡蝶栩栩如生，妙通造化，犹如真的胡蝶一样。“双双对对”既同字重叠，又近义词反复，强调了所画胡蝶的特点。古代诗词中，写蜂蝶成双成对的情景，往往是表现男女相恩相爱的感情。词中的少女这么爱画双蝶，透露了她内心的感情活动。她触景生情，借物寓情，一种热切的怀春感情涌起。眼前数不清的双蝶可说是冶游酣畅，春情骆荡，而少女的心事毕竟虚幻成空，这就引起了她的伤心。“无端和泪湿胭脂，惹教双翅垂。”她泪下滂沱，沾湿了脸上的胭脂，真是伤心透了。这似乎感染了胡蝶，惹得它们双翅下垂，不再翩翩飞动，同情少女的悲伤。作者不直写主人公心情沮丧，致使她笔下的胡蝶失却了写真的生气，而说胡蝶灵犀一点，关怀同情人，极为深刻地表现了人的感情的婉曲、细腻。
这首词，写得切题但又不粘题，既写真胡蝶，也写画的胡蝶，真假不辨，玲线透脱，还关合着作画少女的情感，表现了深致、凄婉的心理活动。词虽属小令，气势却一波三折，极富变化。词的语言浅近通俗，颇具民间词的特色，而表情达意，则很含蓄蕴藉，隽永有味。
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上一首：
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晏几道《
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点绛唇·花信来时》
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吴澄《
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渡江云·揭浩斋送春和韵》
张泌简介
唐代·张泌的简介
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张泌，字子澄，唐末重要作家，生卒年约与韩偓(842-914)相当。
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