生查子·富阳道中
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宋代]：毛滂
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春晚出小城，落日行江岸。人不共潮来，香亦临风散。
花谢小妆残，莺困清歌断。行雨梦魂消，飞絮心情乱。
生查子·富阳道中译文及注释
译文
春日傍晚离开富阳城关，踏着落日走在富春江畔。钱江潮水不能将心上人带来，她临风为我祈祷香烟也已飘散。
凋谢的花枝是她憔悴的娇容，黄莺困懒是她弦绝歌断。一夜雨声使我辗转无眠，天睛絮飞搅得我心烦意乱。
注释
生查子：原为唐教坊曲名，后用为词牌名。《尊前集》注：双调。元高拭词注：南吕宫。四十字，上下片格式相同，各两仄韵，上去通押。
富阳：今富阳市，位于杭州西南，富春江下游。
共潮来：心爱的人和潮水一起到来。香：祈祝燃香的轻烟。
“花谢”二句：睹物恩人，从而产生设想。
行雨：春雨淅沥。飞絮：柳絮飞飘。
参考资料：
1、于绍卿选注．此身天地一浮萍：纪游词品珍：东方出版社，1995年08月第1版：第50页
2、高文炳编著．唐宋词选译赏析365首：天马图书有限公司，2001.06：第290页
生查子·富阳道中创作背景
据《西湖游览志》载，元祐中（（1086年—1094年），苏轼知守钱塘时，毛滂为法曹椽，与歌妓琼芳相爱。三年秩满辞官，于富阳途中写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、史杰鹏著．宋词三百首正宗：华夏出版社，2014.03：第221页
生查子·富阳道中鉴赏
《生查子》，原是唐代教坊曲名。这首词的写作背景与作者的《惜分飞·富阳僧舍作别语赠妓琼芳》一样，皆是他辞官后，行于富阳途中所作。
词的上片，首句写词人在暮春傍晚时分，独自离开富阳县的山城，行至富春江畔。富阳县位于杭州府西南，富春江的下游。词人眺望江面，雾霭茫茫，斜晖脉脉，在这黯然萧索的氛围中，强烈的怅意和思念占据了词人的心。“人不共潮来，香亦临风散”，就是词人所惆怅所思念的事情了。词人深感遗恨的是，钱塘潮水不能将心爱的人带到身边，而那女子为自己祈祝燃香，香烟则随风飘散了。人既不能来，香也闻不到，祈愿是枉然，寄信更不通，这令词人深感痛苦。
词的下片，表面是写景，实际是借景物写人。“花谢小妆残，莺困清歌断”两句写所思之人的花容憔悴、困慵无绪，再也无心抚弦歌唱了，这是词人睹物思人，从而产生的设想；而尾句“行雨梦魂消，飞絮心情乱”则是词人此地此时的实感。深夜春雨淅沥，点滴至明，令人无法安睡，更增添词人羁旅的烦闷；“飞絮”一句，写天明登程，路上独行，风中柳絮，飘来飘去，又勾起词人由于仕途失意，怀才不遇，瞻望前途渺茫，漂泊无定的惆怅心绪。
作者思人之痛苦，念己之悲凉，瞻前则渺渺，顾后亦茫茫，这百感交集、愁肠百结的难言之隐，用一个“乱”字作结，则通篇的睛目即现。心乱如麻，难以梳理；心乱如潮，无法平静，在词人的眼里，大自然的春天、花鸟、山水、风雨、柳絮等等毫无美感，只平添迷离惝恍、凄恻悲凉，恼人烦乱。这首词在写作上的高妙就在于，通篇无一句不愁，而无一句有“愁”字。用景物喻人物，做到物我双会，情景交融的艺术表现力。
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毛滂简介
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