浣溪沙·玉碗冰寒滴露华
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宋代]:晏殊
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玉碗冰寒滴露华,粉融香雪透轻纱。晚来妆面胜荷花。
鬓亸欲迎眉际月,酒红初上脸边霞。一场春梦日西斜。
浣溪沙·玉碗冰寒滴露华译文及注释
译文
闺阁内玉碗中盛着莹洁的寒冰,碗边凝聚的水珠若露华欲滴。美人粉汗微融,透过轻薄的纱衣,呈露出芬芳洁白的肌体;晚来浓妆的娇面,更胜似丰艳的荷花。
梳妆后微微下垂的秀发,与娥眉间的眉际月相得益彰;微红的酒晕,如艳朝霞洒落在她的脸颊。昼眠梦醒,夕阳西下,原来这一切都是春梦初醒的所作所为。
注释
《浣溪沙》:唐代教坊曲名,因西施浣纱于若耶溪,故又名《浣沙溪》。上下片三个七字句,四十二字。为婉约、豪放两派词人所常用。又有《小庭花》、《减字浣溪沙》等二十余种异名。
玉碗:古代富贵人家冬时用玉碗贮冰于地窖,夏时取以消暑。
粉融:脂粉与汗水融和。
香雪:借喻女子肌肤的芳洁。
胜荷花:语本李白《西施》:“秀色掩今古,荷花羞玉颜。”,借“荷花”表现女子美貌。
鬓亸(bìn duǒ):鬓发下垂的样子,形容仕女梳妆的美丽。
眉际月:古时女子的面饰。有以黄粉涂额成圆形为月,因位置在两眉之间,故词称“眉际月”。
参考资料:
1、王晓亮.《宋词三百首》:大众文艺出版社,2007:第155页
浣溪沙·玉碗冰寒滴露华创作背景
词人晏殊作为一个太平时代的宰相,过着幽静闲雅的生活,却又流露出落寞无奈的惆怅心绪。作者长居高位,亦是懂得了富贵人家的通病:闲愁。词人作下这首闲词,咏写了一位夏日闺阁美人,借此抒发了词人的闲情。
参考资料:
1、朱祖谋.《宋词三百首注释》:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2013:第13页
浣溪沙·玉碗冰寒滴露华鉴赏
这首《浣溪沙》描绘的是一幅浓艳有余的仕女午睡图,写夏日黄昏丽人昼梦方醒、晚妆初罢、酒脸微醺的情状。全词婉转有致,犹如一幅别具韵味、浓墨重彩的油画。
上片首句写室内特定的景物—玉碗中盛着莹洁的寒冰,碗边凝聚的水珠若露华欲滴。古时富贵人家,严冬时把冰块收藏在地窖中,夏天取用,以消暑气。一“寒”字正反衬出室中的热。接着,作者笔触写到室中人的身上:粉汗微融,轻薄的纱衣,芬芳洁白的肌体;晚来浓妆的娇面,胜似丰艳的荷花,犹如一幅美人油画,将仕女的美展现的淋漓尽致。第二、三句设喻。用意用语均似“花间”派。“粉融”,意谓脂粉与汗水相互融和的唯美之状,不点出“汗”字,正是作者高明之处。“香雪”借喻女子肌肤的芳洁,虽亦古诗词中常用之语,但在本词中却有特殊的意义,它跟“冰寒”句配合,在盛夏中得清凉之意。以“玉”、“冰”、“粉”、“雪”之白,衬托“妆面”之红,写夏日黄昏女子妆罢的情景,真如一幅优美的彩照。过片写她那下垂的鬓发,已靠近眉间额上的月形妆饰;微红的酒晕,又如红霞飞上脸边。
下片一、二两句写女子微醉的情态,艳而不俗,细而不纤。古时女子的面饰,有以黄粉涂额成圆形为月,因位置在两眉之间,故词称“眉际月”。李商隐《蝶》诗之三“八字宫眉捧额黄”,似即指此。“欲迎”、“初上”,形容绝妙。不独刻画之工,且见词人欣赏之情。“月”与“霞”,语意双关,既是隐喻女子的眉和脸,也是黄昏时的实景。可以想象这位美艳的姑娘,晚妆初过,穿着件单薄的纱衣,盈盈伫立,独倚暮霞,悄迎新月。末句“一场春梦日西斜”,方始点明,原来上边五句所写的,都是昼眠梦醒后的情景。女子睡起,粉融香汗,重理明妆。“春梦”,谓刚才好梦的短暂。慵困无聊,闲愁闲恨,全词之意,至此全出。末句倒装,“日西斜”三字,与上片“晚来”接应。
此词纯用白描的手法叙述,选取了闺房中的一个情景,将美人的举止、姿容、睡态和醒时模样刻画得极为生动逼真,极具生活气息,让人可知可感。词格浓艳,颇见“花间”遗风。
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韦应物《
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夏至避暑北池》
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苏轼《
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菩萨蛮·回文夏闺怨》
晏殊简介
唐代·晏殊的简介
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晏殊【yàn shū】(991-1055)字同叔,著名词人、诗人、散文家,北宋抚州府临川城人(今江西进贤县文港镇沙河人,位于香楠峰下,其父为抚州府手力节级),是当时的抚州籍第一个宰相。晏殊与其第七子晏几道(1037-1110),在当时北宋词坛上,被称为“大晏”和“小晏”。
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