夏夜追凉
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宋代]：杨万里
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夜热依然午热同，开门小立月明中。
夏夜追凉鉴赏
“追凉”，即觅凉、取凉。较之“觅”和“取”，“追”更能表现对“凉”的渴求，杜甫“忆昔好追凉，故绕池边树”(《羌村三首》其二)诗意可见。但这首诗在艺术处理上却有其独到之处：它撇开了暑热难耐的感受，而仅就“追凉”着墨，以淡淡的几笔，勾勒出一幅夏夜追凉图，其中有皎洁的月光，有浓密的树荫，有婆娑的竹林，有悦耳的虫吟，以及作者悄然伫立的身影。
首句貌似平直，其实也有一层曲折：中午时分，烈日暴晒，是一天中最为酷热的时刻，而今，“夜热”竟然与“午热”相仿佛，则“夜热”之甚，可想而知。唯其如此，才引出次句诗人月下独立的形象。“开门”，点出作者原在室内。或许他本已就寝，而因夜里天热的缘故，辗转反侧难以入梦，迫于无奈才出门纳凉。而“明月”，则点出正值“月华皎洁”的三五之夜。这样，作者“独立”的目的，应该说是“追凉”与“赏月”兼而有之，追凉可得体肤之适，赏月则可得精神之快，难怪他要独立不移、执着若此了。
第三句是对周围环境的点染：竹林深深，树荫密密，虫鸣唧唧。“竹深树密”，见其清幽；“虫鸣”，则见其静谧——唯其静谧，“虫鸣”之声才能清晰入耳。诗人置身其间，凉意顿生，于是又引出结句“时有微凉不是风”，这一真切、细微的体验。“不是风”，点明所谓凉意，不过是夜深气清，静中生凉而已，并非夜风送爽。范成大《六月七日夜起坐殿取凉》诗亦云：“风从何处来？殿阁微凉生。桂旗俨不动，藻井森上征。”虽设问风从何来，但既然桂旗不动，可见非真有风，殿阁之“微凉”不过因静而生。人们通常说“心静自凉”，其理相若。因此，范诗实可与这首诗参读。
显然静中生凉正是作者所要表现的意趣，但这一意趣并未直接点明。如果没有“不是风”三字，读者很可能将“凉”与“风”联系在一起。陈衍《石遗室诗话》早就指出：“若将末三字掩了，必猜是说甚么风矣，岂知其不是哉。”然而，这首诗的妙处恰恰也就在这里。作者故意直到最后，才将微露其本意的线索交给读者——既然明言“不是风”，善于神会的读者自当想到静与凉之间的因果关系；随即又当想到，前面出现的月光、竹林、树荫、虫鸣，都只是为揭示静中生凉之理所作的铺垫。这样，自然要比直截了当地道出本意更有诗味。大概这就是《石遗室诗话》所称道的“浅意深一层说，直意曲一层说”的旨趣。
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上一首：
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智生《
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夏词》
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下一首：
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曹松《
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南海旅次》
杨万里简介
唐代·杨万里的简介
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杨万里，字廷秀，号诚斋，男，汉族。吉州吉水（今江西省吉水县）人。南宋杰出诗人，与尤袤、范成大、陆游合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”、“南宋四大家”。
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