南园十三首·其五
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唐代]：李贺
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请君暂上凌烟阁，若个书生万户侯？
南园十三首·其五译文及注释
译文
男子汉大丈夫为什么不腰带武器去收取关山五十州呢？
请你且登上那画有开国功臣的凌烟阁去看，又有哪一个书生曾被封为食邑万户的列侯？
注释
吴钩：吴地出产的弯形的刀，此处指宝刀。
凌烟阁：唐太宗为表彰功臣而建的殿阁，上有秦琼等二十四人的像。
南园十三首·其五鉴赏
这首诗由两个设问句组成，顿挫激越，而又直抒胸臆，把家国之痛和身世之悲都淋漓酣畅地表达出来了。
第一个设问是泛问，也是自问，含有“国家兴亡，匹夫有责”的豪情。“男儿何不带吴钩”，起句峻急，紧连次句“收取关山五十州”，犹如悬流飞瀑，从高处跌落而下，显得气势磅礴。“带吴钩”指从军的行动，身佩军刀，奔赴疆场，那气概多么豪迈！“收复关山”是从军的目的，山河破碎，民不聊生，诗人怎甘蛰居乡间，无所作为呢？因而他向往建功立业，报效国家。一、二两句，十四字一气呵成，节奏明快，与诗人那昂扬的意绪和紧迫的心情十分契合。首句“何不”二字极富表现力，它不只构成了特定句式（疑问），而且强调了反诘的语气，增强了诗句传情达意的力量。诗人面对烽火连天、战乱不已的局面，焦急万分，恨不得立即身佩宝刀，奔赴沙场，保卫家邦。“何不”云云，反躬自问，有势在必行之意，又暗示出危急的军情和诗人自己焦虑不安的心境。此外，它还使人感受到诗人那郁积已久的愤懑情怀。李贺是个书生，早就诗名远扬，本可以才学入仕，但这条进身之路被“避父讳”这一封建礼教无情地堵死了，使他没有机会施展自己的才能。“何不”一语，表示实在出于无奈。次句一个“取”字，举重若轻，有破竹之势，生动地表达了诗人急切的救国心愿。然而“收取关山五十州”谈何容易？书生意气，自然成就不了收复关山的大业，而要想摆脱眼前悲凉的处境，又非经历戎马生涯，杀敌建功不可。这一矛盾，突出表现了诗人愤激不平之情。
“请君暂上凌烟阁，若个书生万户侯？”诗人问道：封侯拜相，绘像凌烟阁的，哪有一个是书生出身？这里诗人又不用陈述句而用设问句，牢骚的意味显得更加浓郁。看起来，诗人是从反面衬托投笔从戎的必要性，实际上是进一步抒发了怀才不遇的愤激情怀。由昂扬激越转入沉郁哀怨，既见出反衬的笔法，又见出起伏的节奏，峻急中作回荡之姿。就这样，诗人把自己复杂的思想感情表现在诗歌的节奏里，使读者从节奏的感染中加深对主题的理解、感受。
李贺《南园》组诗，多就园内外景物讽咏，以写其生活与感情。但此首不借所见发端，却凭空寄慨，于豪情中见愤然之意。盖只是同时所作，拉杂汇编，不能以题目限的。（朱世英）
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上一首：
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李密《
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淮阳感秋》
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下一首：
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李白《
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鹦鹉洲》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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