子夜吴歌·秋歌
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唐代]:李白
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子夜吴歌·秋歌译文及注释
译文
长安城内一片月光,千户万户都在捣衣。
秋风吹送捣衣声声,家家怀念戍边之人。
何时才能平息边境战争,让我丈夫结束远征。
注释
一片月:一片皎洁的月光。
万户:千家万户。捣衣:把衣料放在石砧上用棒槌捶击,使衣料绵软以便裁缝;将洗过头次的脏衣放在石板上捶击,去浑水,再清洗。
吹不尽:吹不散。
玉关:玉门关,故址在今甘肃省敦煌县西北,此处代指良人戍边之地。
平胡虏:平定侵扰边境的敌人。
良人:古时妇女对丈夫的称呼。《诗·唐风·绸缪》:“今夕何夕,见此良人。”罢:结束。
参考资料:
1、葛景春.李白诗选:中华书局,2005:326-329
2、詹福瑞 等.李白诗歌全译:河北人民出版社,1997:229-231
子夜吴歌·秋歌创作背景
六朝乐府的《清商曲·吴声歌曲》里有《子夜四时歌》,李白这组诗是沿用乐府旧题创作的新词,其创作的具体时间难以考证。
参考资料:
1、裴 斐.李白诗歌赏析集.成都:巴蜀书社,1988:338-341
子夜吴歌·秋歌鉴赏
全诗写征夫之妻秋夜怀思远征边陲的良人,希望早日结束战争,丈夫免于离家去远征。虽未直写爱情,却字字渗透着真挚情意;虽没有高谈时局,却又不离时局。情调用意,都没有脱离边塞诗的风韵。
月色如银的京城,表面上一片平静,但捣衣声中却蕴含着千家万户的痛苦;秋风不息,也寄托着对边关思念的深情。读来让人怦然心动。结句是闺妇的期待,也是GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人的心声。
笼统而言,诗人的手法是先景语后情语,而情景始终交融。“长安一片月”是写景,同时又是紧扣题面,写出了“秋月扬明辉”的季节特点。而见月怀人是古典诗歌传统的表现方法,加之秋来是赶制征衣的季节,所以写月也有起兴的意义。此外,月明如昼,正好捣衣,而那“玉户帘中卷不去,捣衣砧上拂还来”的月光,也容易勾起思妇的相思之情。制衣的布帛须先置砧上,用杵捣平捣软,是谓“捣衣”。这明朗的月夜,长安城就沉浸在一片此起彼落的砧杵声中,而这种特殊的“秋声”,对于思妇又是一种难耐的挑拨。“一片”、“万户”,写光写声,似对非对,措辞天然而得咏叹味。秋风,也是撩人愁绪的,“秋风入窗里,罗帐起飘扬”,便是对思妇的第三重挑拨。月朗风清,风送砧声,声声都是怀念玉关GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人的深情。用“总是”二字,情思益见深长。这里,秋月秋声与秋风织成浑成的境界,见境不见人,而人物却好像真的在,“玉关情”也很浓。王夫之评价说:“前四句是天壤间生成好句,被太白拾得。”(《唐诗评选》)此情之浓,不可遏止,于是有了末二句直表思妇的心声:“何日平胡虏,良人罢远征?”后世的某些人偏爱“含蓄”,如田同之就曾说:“余窃谓删去末二句作绝句,更觉浑含无尽。”(《西圃诗说》)其实未必是这样。“不知歌谣妙,声势出口心”(《大子夜歌》),慷慨天然,是民歌本色,原本不必故意使用那种吞吞吐吐的用语。而从内容上看,正如沈德潜指出的“本闺情语而忽冀罢征”(《说诗晬语》),使诗歌思想内容大大深化,更具社会意义,表现出古代劳动人民冀求能过和平生活的善良愿望。全诗手法如同电影,有画面,有“画外音”。月照长安万户、风送砧声、化入玉门关外荒寒的月景、插曲:“何日平胡虏,良人罢远征。”……这是十分有意味的诗境,读者须知,这种犹如女声合唱的“插曲”决不多余,它是画面的有机组成部分,在画外也在画中,它回肠荡气,激动人心。因此,《秋歌》从正面写到思情,而有不尽之情。
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李白《
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清平调·其一》
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李白《
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子夜吴歌·春歌》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白(701年-762年),字太白,号青莲居士,唐朝浪漫主义诗人,被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考),出生于西域碎叶城,4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇,有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝,享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂,四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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