柳梢青·灯花
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两汉]：张林
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白玉枝头，忽看蓓蕾，金粟珠垂。半颗安榴，一枝秾杏，五色蔷薇。何须羯鼓声催。银釭里、春工四时。却笑灯蛾，学他蝴蝶，照影频飞。
柳梢青·灯花鉴赏
词中吟咏的油灯结花为是日常生活中常见的现象，古来题咏灯花的作品也层出不穷，但张林的这首词却能不落俗套，新颖别致，读来饶有情味。
上片刻画灯花，连用五个比喻，淋漓尽致地描绘了灯花在不断变化中呈现出的千种姿态、万种风情。
“白玉枝头，忽看蓓蕾，金粟珠垂。”白玉枝，指白色的灯芯草。前两句说，灯蕊在不经意间结花，它最初如花蕾般含苞待放。“金粟”，桂花的别名，这里形容灯花。韩愈《咏灯花同侯十一》云：“黄里排金粟，钗头缀玉虫。”此种比喻在灯花描写上用得是最为普遍，本词是以它来描摹灯花初结成时的形状。下面三句，句句比喻，形容灯花的三种不同景象。“半颗安榴，一枝杏，五色蔷薇”。安榴，即石榴。石榴来自西域的安国，由张骞出使时带回，故又名安石榴。灯花越结越老，形状不断变化，它先是碎小如桂花，继而大如绣球般的石榴，再变成鲜艳浓的杏花，最后变得如蔷薇花般色彩绚烂斑驳。“半颗”、“一枝”、“五色”，这三个数量词，从小到大，依次递增，既写出了灯花的变化过程，将其各种姿态刻画地生动形象。
上片可说是用实笔摹绘灯花由初绽到盛开的过程，下片则是以虚笔来称赞灯花之美，简直可称巧夺天工。
“何须羯鼓声催。银釭里、春工四时。”羯鼓，用唐南卓《羯鼓录》记载的唐玄宗敲击羯鼓，催开含苞欲放的柳杏的典故。唐玄宗此举在于夸耀人工能巧夺造化，而本词则反其意而用之。银灯（釭即银灯）。里点燃的灯芯草会结花，它并不需要人工的催唤，好像其中自有造化的四时功能。作者从另一方面赞美灯花的富于变化，似有造化之功。“却笑灯蛾，学他蝴蝶，照影频飞”。灯蛾扑火，与蝴蝶灯花，两者本来并不相干，但灯草既成灯花因而兼具两者的特点。作者有意将它们联系起来，并主要侧重蝴蝶戏花的方面。因此，运笔就将蝴蝶戏花加以此附。灯花既然是花，就应是蝴蝶戏嬉之物。有趣的是，灯蛾竟然学起蝴蝶来，不断地在灯花周围蹁跹飞舞，作者运笔俏皮，貌似揶揄灯蛾，却灵巧传神地赞美了灯花的丽若群芒。
这首词运用博喻手法，写得奇巧生动，俏皮有趣。虽无深情远意，但较之其他咏物词讲穷比兴寄托、笔致幽深、多愁善感的格调来，可算是别具一格，清新隽秀。
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张林《
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柳梢青·灯花》
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周密《
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闻鹊喜·吴山观涛》
张林简介
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东汉人。章帝时任尚书。尝上书言县官经用不足，应恢复武帝时按等级给予均田之制。
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