汴京纪事
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宋代]：刘子翚
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辇毂繁华事可伤，师师垂老过湖湘。
缕衣檀板无颜色，一曲当时动帝王。
汴京纪事译文及注释
译文
帝京当年是多么地繁华热闹，回想起来，使人无限地伤感；李师师也老了，漂泊流落在湖湘的民间。
旧时的舞衣与檀板都黯然失色，饱受了风蚀尘染；有谁相信，她当年轻歌一曲，能使君王倾倒迷乱？
注释
汴京：今河南开封，是北宋都城。
辇（niǎn）：皇帝的车驾。古以“辇下”指京城。毂（gǔ）：车轮中心，有洞可以插轴的部分，同“辇”借指汴京。
师师：李师师，汴京人。传幼年为尼，后为妓，色艺动京师。宋徽宗常微行临幸其家。后入宫，封瀛国夫人。汴京破，有的记载说她自杀，大多数典籍都说她流落南方。湖湘，洞庭湖、湘江一带。
缕衣：金缕衣，用金线盘绣的舞衣。檀板：唱歌时用来打拍子的檀木拍板。
参考资料：
1、李梦生．宋诗三百首全解：复旦大学出版社，2007：206-207
汴京纪事创作背景
靖康二年（1127），金兵攻占了北宋都城汴京，掳走了徽、钦二帝。诗人满怀悲怆的心情，挥笔记下了汴京失守前后的一段史事，成《汴京纪事》诗二十首，这是最后一首。
参考资料：
1、李梦生．宋诗三百首全解：复旦大学出版社，2007：206-207
2、缪钺等．宋诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1987：882-884
汴京纪事鉴赏
《汴京纪事》诗二十首，痛感山川破碎，国家受辱，表达自己的忧伤与愤慨。这里选的是最后一首。
刘子翚写汴京的组诗，大多数通过今昔对比，列举熟知的事与物来抒发兴亡之感，所以在这首诗中举李师师的遭遇以表现汴京昔日的繁华已烟消云散。诗从李师师目前情况写起，说艳名压倒平康的李师师，在乱后流落湖湘，久经磨难后，颜色憔悴，歌喉也非复当年。诗感叹：李师师往时歌舞时所穿的金缕衣、所用的檀板现在仍在用，但都已经陈旧了，谁能相信她当年曾以美貌与伎艺使君王倾倒呢？诗写的虽然是人，主题却是从人的经历上反映国家遭受的不幸，达到了以李师师为典型反映社会动乱的目的。
通过描写往昔闻名的歌手、妓女寄托盛衰之感的七绝，在唐代就有不少出类拔萃的作品，最出名的是杜甫的《江南逢李龟年》，诗云：“岐王宅里寻常见，崔九堂前几度闻。正是江南好风景，落花时节又逢君。”写安史乱后，名歌手李龟年流落江南，杜甫与他相会，回想起开元盛世，不胜唏嘘。诗将今昔盛衰之感，隐藏在字里行间，使人黯然欲泪，如以“江南好风景”、“落花时节”反衬相遇的难堪，以“又逢君”点出今昔，烘托出感伤，都很见锤炼。刘子翚这首诗在主题上承继前人，但一开始就直述“辇繁华事可伤”，虽简捷明快，与杜诗比，就少了含蓄。刘子翚这首诗在写作手法上则与温庭筠《弹筝人》更接近，温诗云：“天宝年中事玉皇，曾将新曲教宁王。钿蝉金雁皆零落，一曲伊州泪万行。”在结构、布局及内容命意上，二诗都有相同之处。
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陶渊明《
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咏荆轲》
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陶渊明《
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咏荆轲》
刘子翚简介
唐代·刘子翚的简介
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刘子翚（huī）（1101～1147）宋代理学家。字彦冲，一作彦仲，号屏山，又号病翁，学者称屏山先生。建州崇安（今属福建）人，刘韐子，刘子羽弟。以荫补承务郎，通判兴化军，因疾辞归武夷山，专事讲学，邃于《周易》，朱熹尝从其学。著有《屏山集》。
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