归园田居·其三
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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衣沾不足惜，但使愿无违。
归园田居·其三译文及注释
译文
我在南山下种植豆子，地里野草茂盛豆苗豌稀。
清晨早起下地铲除杂草，夜幕降披月光扛锄归去。
狭窄的山径草木丛生，夜露沾湿了我的衣。
衣衫被沾湿并不可惜．只希望不违背我归耕田园的心意。
注释
南山：指庐山。
稀： 稀少。
兴： 起床。
荒秽：形容词作名词，荒芜，指豆苗里的杂草。秽：肮脏。这里指田中杂草
荷锄：扛着锄头。荷，扛着。
狭： 狭窄。
草木长：草木丛生。长，生长
夕露：傍晚的露水。
沾：（露水）打湿。
足： 值得。
但使愿无违： 只要不违背自己的意愿就行了。但：只。愿： 指向往田园生活，“不为五斗米折腰”，不愿与世俗同流合污的意愿。违： 违背。
参考资料：
1、韦凤娟编．古诗三百首 注音 注解 今释 插图：大连出版社，1994.01：第192页
2、彭淑清编著,．中小学古诗词曲选读与赏析：浙江大学出版社，2008.6,：18
归园田居·其三创作背景
公元405年（东晋安帝义熙元年），陶渊明在江西彭泽做县令，不过八十多天，便声称不愿“为五斗米折腰向乡里小儿”，挂印回家。从此结束了时隐时仕、身不由己的生活，终老田园。归来后，作《归园田居》诗一组，共五首。
参考资料：
1、吴小如．《汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典》：上海辞书出版社，1992年9月版：523-525
归园田居·其三鉴赏
这首“种豆南山下”八句短章，在普普通通、平平常常四十个字的小空间里，表达出了深刻的思想内容，描写了诗人隐居之后躬耕劳动的情景。
本诗共分为两层，前四句为第一层。反映了作者躬耕劳动的生活。暗用杨恽诗作。
“种豆南山下，苗盛豆苗稀”。此二句引用了杨恽的“田彼南山，芜秽不治”，是对其劳作情况做总体交待，先指明耕种的是“豆”，再说劳作的地点在“南山下”，五个寻常字，将事情叙说得非常清楚。诗人毕竟是“少学琴书”，士人出身，躬耕田亩缺乏经验，“草盛豆苗稀”的劳动后果，也就不足为怪了。
“晨兴理荒秽，带月荷锄归。”可怜的劳动成果并没使诗人灰心丧气，牢骚满腹。这两句写出了他勤勤恳恳，乐此不疲地从清早到夜晚，躬身垄亩铲锄荒草的状貌。它体现了中华民族自古以来的吃苦耐劳，坚韧不拔的精神。
后四句是本诗的第二层，抒写的则是作者经过生活的磨励和对社会与人生深刻思索之后，对真善美理想的执着追求和与现实社会污浊官场的决裂。
“道狭草木长，夕露沾我衣”。通过道窄草深，夕露沾衣的具体细节描绘，显示出了从事农业劳动的艰苦。诗人身体力行终日劳作在田野，所以他深深地体验到了农业劳动的艰辛，它绝不像那些脱离劳动的文人墨客所描写的那般轻松潇洒。但是作者仍不辞劳苦，继续坚持下去，正像他在《庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻》诗中所说：“田家岂不苦？弗获辞此难。”
“衣沾不足惜，但使愿无违。”对于诗人来说，人生的道路只有两条任他选择：一条是出仕做官，有俸禄保证其生活，可是必须违心地与世俗同流合污；另一条是归隐田园，靠躬耕劳动维持生存，这样可以做到任性存真坚持操守。当他辞去彭泽县令解绶印归田之际，就已经做出了抉择，宁可肉体受苦，也要保持心灵的纯洁，他坚决走上了归隐之路。为了不违背躬耕隐居的理想愿望，农活再苦再累又有何惧？那么“夕露沾衣”就更不足为“惜”了。这种思想已经成了他心中牢不可破的坚定信念，本诗结尾两句’，可谓全篇的诗眼，一经它的点化，篇中醇厚的旨意便合盘现出。
在本诗中陶渊明却勇敢地反对了传统观念，冲破了陈旧的精神枷锁，毅然地告别官场，辞去了彭泽县令，不做劳心治人的“君子”；决然地返回家园，心甘情愿地扛起了锄头，辛勤地躬耕垄亩，偏要做个劳力的“小人”。这等无畏的精神，美好的人格，高尚的境界，赢得了后世多少人的称赞、钦佩乃至效仿。
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王安石《
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登飞来峰》
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梅尧臣《
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鲁山山行》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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