高阳台·残萼梅酸
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宋代]：王沂孙
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残萼梅酸，新沟水绿，初晴节序暄妍。独立雕栏，谁怜枉度华年。朝朝准拟清明近，料燕翎、须寄银笺。又争知、一字相思，不到吟边。
双蛾不拂青鸾冷，任花阴寂寂，掩户闲眠。屡卜佳期，无凭却恨金钱。何人寄与天涯信，趁东风、急整归船。纵飘零，满院杨花，犹是春前。
高阳台·残萼梅酸鉴赏
王沂孙这首词以一个闺怨口吻，表达了一种妻盼夫归的心情。这首词和其传统风格有一些区别，风格较为平缓，和北宋词风相类。
起句写江南的春色：“残萼梅酸，新沟水绿，初晴节序暄妍”，带残萼的青梅含酸；门前沟水澄绿。描写雨后初晴景色。清明时节，江南风光清丽。孙舣《菩萨蛮》写梅子初生：“含章（宫殿名）春欲暮，落日千山雨。一点著枝酸，吴姬先齿寒。”“池塘雨后添新绿。”蔡伸在这里写雨后池水新涨景色。词人有共同的感受。
“独立雕阑，谁怜枉度华年。”雕阑是楼上木雕阑干，借指登楼。登楼倚阑，春色暄妍。游子未归，谁与共娱。叹年华枉度也。“枉度”柳永《定风波》中曾有句“年少光阴虚过”。再看辛弃疾《满江红》曰：“人去后，吹箫声断，倚楼人独。满眼不堪三月暮，举头已觉千山绿。但试把一纸寄来书，从头读。”所写女子春日登楼睹景怀人之情事亦同，却是所念之人有“一纸寄来书”，又不同于柳词之“音书无个”。词中情事相同，思路也颇为一致。但表达方式却由于词人作品风格不同和其词中人物差异而稍有不同。
“明朝准拟清明近，料燕翎、须寄银笺。又争知、一字相思，不到吟边。”清明时节已近，料想远方会飘来他的消息。但哪想却音迹杳无。这几句意思层次转折，构思较为奇特。表达了盼信而又怕无信的繁杂情感。燕子传书之说，由来已久，江淹《杂体诗·拟李都尉从军》就写道“袖中有短书，愿寄双飞燕”。孙惟信《昼锦堂》词“燕翎难系断肠笺”，作反面写。“吟边”，意犹“诗名”、“词中”。陆游《身世》诗：“吟边时得寄悠悠。”这片主要写女人在晚春时节，怀念远方的人。下片笔锋一转，表达女子相思之苦，盼望远方的人归来之情。
“双蛾不拂青鸾冷，任花阴寂寂，掩户闲眠。”女子一春不事妆饰，无意赏玩，掩户闲眠。她双眉不画，冷落鸾镜，是“谁适为容”之意。春光独对，愁闷徒添。无意欣赏“屡卜佳期，无凭却恨金钱”，唐人于鹄《江南曲》曾作“众中不敢分明语，暗掷金钱卜远人。”屡次用金钱占卜行人归否，都无凭据，因此怪起金钱来。从占卜无凭，讲到心理状态，直抒其恨，其怨。“何人寄与天涯信，趁东风、急整归船。”表达心意：希望有人代自己向天涯游子带去书信，盼他趁东风。三月桃花水涨，马上准备归舟，返程会快些。表达出迫切愿望，盼对方书信又怕不得其相思一字之意自然映衬。写词极为巧妙，处理很得体。
“纵飘零，满院杨花，犹是春前”，让远方的人“趁东风”出发，点明上几句盼归、促归意思。并且呼应“谁怜枉度华年”使全篇浑然一体。远方的人赶紧在春尽之前回来吧，尽管到达时已是柳绵吹尽时候，只要有几天春天日子，就不会让这年春天完全在孤独中溜走。
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上一首：
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曹植《
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杂诗七首·其一》
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下一首：
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李珣《
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菩萨蛮·回塘风起波文细》
王沂孙简介
唐代·王沂孙的简介
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王沂孙，字圣与，号碧山、中仙、玉笥山人。会稽（今浙江绍兴）人，年辈大约与张炎相仿，入元后曾任庆元路学正。有《花外集》，又名《碧山乐府》。
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