山人劝酒
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唐代]：李白
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苍苍云松，落落绮皓。
秀眉霜雪颜桃花，骨青髓绿长美好。
各守麋鹿志，耻随龙虎争。
欻起佐太子，汉王乃复惊。
归来商山下，泛若云无情。
举觞酹巢由，洗耳何独清。
浩歌望嵩岳，意气还相倾。
山人劝酒译文及注释
译文
松柏苍翠挺拔，高入云端，商山四皓的胸襟豁达开朗。又到了温暖的春日，春风为谁而轻轻吹拂？小草绿了，花儿开了，芳香在满园弥漫。引来了蝴蝶，在绿丛花间翩翩飞舞。商山四皓长得眉清目秀，眉间充溢着一片侠义傲骨。他们自称是秦代避乱世而居的人，归隐在林间过着闲适无忧的生活，饮酒谈笑间，不知道年老将至。他们各自守着隐居山野的志向，以项羽和刘邦的楚汉之争为耻。汉朝基业确立后，刘邦多次请商山四皓出山辅佐，他们都没有答应。忽然间辅佐了刘邦的太子，刘邦为此而惊叹不已，回头告诉戚夫人说，虽然想改换戚夫人的儿子继承大业，但无奈太子羽翼已成，有贤人辅佐而改动不得了。巢父和许由归隐在南山之下，似乎像飘忽不定的云一样无情于世间的尘事。不禁举起酒杯，把酒洒在地上以祭拜巢父和许由，洗耳不闻尘间事是多么清净啊！唱着浩歌，仰望着贤人所居的嵩岳，他们和我的志向十分相投。
注释
落落：豁达、开朗。
绮皓：指商山四皓，是秦代末年四位白发苍苍的老人，他们隐居在商山，人称“商山四皓”。
阿谁：谁人。
麋鹿志：指隐居山野的志向。
龙虎争：刘邦和项羽的楚汉之争。
欻：忽然，突然。
酹（lèi）：用酒洒地以祭拜。
洗耳：这里运用了典故。尧召许由，欲将帝位传给他，许由不想听，就洗耳于颍水之滨。
相倾：指意气相投。
山人劝酒创作背景
太白盖为明皇欲废太子瑛有感而作是诗。时卢鸿、王希夷隐居嵩山，李元恺、吴筠之徒，皆以隐逸称。或召至阙庭，或遣问政事，徒尔高谈，未有能如四皓之一言而太子得不易也。“浩歌望嵩岳，意气还相倾。”深不满于当时嵩、岳之隐者欤。
参考资料：
1、王洪．中国文学宝库 唐诗精华分卷．北京市：朝华出版社，1991年：281-282页
山人劝酒鉴赏
《山人劝酒》是乐府旧题，郭茂倩《乐府诗集》编此诗入《奉曲歌辞》。诗咏商山四皓健拔如苍松，落拓不羁，仙风道骨，青春不老，春风和煦向他送暖，蝴蝶翩翩为之起舞。作品着重称颂四皓“各守麋鹿志。耻随龙虎争”的高洁之志。尤其赞誉其以隐士的身份出山辅佐太子，安定了汉朝储皇之位。尔后功成身退，复归商山，毫不系情于官禄爵们，其高风亮节直可追步上古高士巢父、许由。这正符合李白一向所追求的“功成拂衣去，归入武陵园”的理想，所以在本篇对四皓表达了极高的敬慕之情。这和李白其他诗篇颂扬“千古高风”的鲁仲连、安期生等功成身退的名士一样，不过是以咏叹古人来抒写诗人自己的襟抱而已。其他评家以为本篇借四皓佐太子事来影射玄宗朝时事，就未免失之穿凿了。
全诗可分为三段。“龙虎争”以上为第一段。写商山四皓的仪表风度及节操。“羽翼成”以上为第二段。写商山四皓力回高祖心意，稳固刘盈太子地位的成就。最后六句为第三段。用形象赞颂商山四皓归来的豪壮气概。情若白云，气若嵩岳，楷模巢、由，举觞浩歌。此诗表达“功成身退”的志向，亦是诗人李白一生的追求。
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李白《
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鞠歌行》
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曹植《
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薤露》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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