琵琶仙·中秋
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清代]:纳兰性德
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碧海年年,试问取、冰轮为谁圆缺?吹到一片秋香,清辉了如雪。愁中看、好天良夜,知道尽成悲咽。只影而今,那堪重对,旧时明月。
花径里、戏捉迷藏,曾惹下萧萧井梧叶。记否轻纨小扇,又几番凉热.。只落得,填膺百感,总茫茫、不关离别。一任紫玉无情,夜寒吹裂。
琵琶仙·中秋译文及注释
译文
碧海青天,年年如此,而云间的月亮,却为何时圆时缺。今夜里,金风送爽,土花映碧,画栏桂树悬挂着一缕秋香;月亮光就像白雪一般晶莹透澈。谁知道,这好天良夜,却让人忧愁,让人悲咽。孤身只影,怎么可面对旧时明月。
那时节,也是这么个中秋夜,你和我,花径里捉迷藏,曾经将金井梧桐的霜叶惊落。手上轻巧的小纨扇,至今又经历几番凉热。一时间,不由得百感丛生;但这又与一般的相思离别无关。面对这旧时明月,只好让无情的紫玉萧,于寒风中吹烈。
注释
碧海:传说中的海名。
冰轮:月亮代名之一,历来用以形容皎洁的满月。
吹到二句:谓秋风把一片秋花吹开了,那明亮的月光犹如白雪。清辉,指明亮的月光。
花径二句:捉迷藏,又称逮猫儿,儿童玩的一种游戏。井梧叶:谓井边的梧桐树叶。
轻纨小扇:即纨扇。
一任二句:紫玉,指笛箫,因截紫竹所制,故名。
参考资料:
1、张秉戍.纳兰词笺注:北京出版社,2000
2、施议对.纳兰性德集:凤凰出版社,2011
琵琶仙·中秋创作背景
词作乃中秋月下,对于昔时情爱的思忆。此词可能作于康熙十六年(1678)中秋。这年春天,纳兰妻卢氏病故。
参考资料:
1、施议对.纳兰性德集:凤凰出版社,2011
琵琶仙·中秋鉴赏
“碧海年年,试问取、冰轮为谁圆缺?”在苍茫的夜色中,作者抬头仰望天空,中秋月圆,其景何其美好;然而他却触景生情,发此疑问。通过此句,我们似乎看出了他心中的悲凉:日月轮回不断,春花秋月年年,这些都只会令他徒增烦恼;是因为佳人不在,如今的他形影相吊么?“吹到一片秋香,清辉了如雪”,不知哪里吹来的秋风,带来一阵芬芳;月亮的清辉笼罩了周围寂寞的空气,如同冰雪一样寒冷。此句是写景,却是寄情于景,情景交融,寒冷的是清辉还是他那颗受伤的心?回想往昔,那“一生一代一双人”,曾经花前月下,欣赏这良宵美景,“记当时,垂柳丝,花枝,满庭蝴蝶儿。”只影而今,物是人非,在这如同旧时的明月下重拾往事,只会令他“填膺百感”。
词的上片写现实,现实是充满了悲凉,其情之苦,足以震憾一切感性的心灵。用“冰轮”喻明月,用“雪”喻明月的清辉,更增加了意境的清冷。“只影而今,那堪重对,旧时明月。”此句道出了作者“尽成悲咽”的缘由:原来是故人不在,作者在思念他的亡妻;然而“明月不谙离恨苦”,偏要打动他那颗敏感脆弱的心,叫他情何以堪。
下阙写词人仰望明月忆及往事。“花径里、戏捉迷藏,曾惹下萧萧井梧叶。”明月下,芳丛里,词人与心上人嬉戏,游玩,虽然并未着墨描摹具体情状,而梧桐叶的缓缓飘落中,纵情的欢笑声,亲昵的嘶闹声,在一片月色下朗朗可闻,其人之天真烂漫,其情之亲密无间,已不言自明,词人对故人往事的深深思恋,直抵人心深处。只是光阴荏苒,轻纨小扇轻摇又摇走了几番寒暑,去者不可追,如今只剩下词人中宵独立,“填膺百感”,而明月还是当时的明月,清辉未减分毫。中秋月光照耀,本该是众家欢聚之时,容若心中却荒凉如大漠。吹裂紫玉萧也难散愁心。
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纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德(1655-1685),满洲人,字容若,号楞伽山人,清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉,在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期,其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王,却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景,加之个人的超逸才华,使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见,何事秋风悲画扇?等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变。”富于意境,是其众多代表作之一。
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